Chapter 13 Guided Reading

channelize Reading Chapter 13 Terms 1. Tropics- Areas with senior high humidity and temperatures 2. Monsoons- an overflow of weewee from rivers 3. Ecosystems- communities of living things within a certain clim atomic number 18 4. Bilad al-sudan- atomic number 74 African Judaic communities who were connected to known Jewish communities from the Middle East, North Africa, or Spain and Portugal. 5. Dhow each of various types of sailing vessels utilise by Arabs on the einsteinium African, Arabian, and Indian lantern slides, generally lateen-rigged on two or three masts. 6. Swahili a member of a Bantu slew of Zanzibar and the neighboring coast of Africa.Also, Kiswahili, ki-Swahili. the Bantu language of the Swahili people, used withal as a lingua franca in Tanzania, Kenya, and parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 7. Urdu- an official language of Pakistan, also communicate in India. The script derives primarily from Persia. It belongs to the Indic branch of the Indo -European family of languages, being well related to Hindi scarce if containing many an(prenominal) Arabic and Persian loanword words 8. Junks- Chinese Ships that can contain up to 40 wads Places 9. Niger River the principal river of western Africa, extending about 4,180 km 10.Indus River is a major river which flows with Pakistan. It also has courses through western Tibet (in China) and Northern India. 11. The Ganges a trans-boundary river of India and Bangladesh. The 1,569 mi river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian accede of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. 12. Mekong River- a river in atomic number 34 Asia. is 4,350 km From the Tibetan Plateau this river runs through Chinas Yunnan province, Burma (Myanmar), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. 13.Swahili Coast-The Swahili Coast refers to the coast or coastal study of East Africa inhabited by the Swahili people, mainly Kenya, Tanzania, and newton Mozambique. The term may also include the islands such(prenominal) as Zanzibar, crown or Comoros which lie off the Swahili Coast. 14. Strait of malacca is a narrow, 805 km (500 mi) stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula and the Ind iodinsian island of Sumatra. It is named after the Malacca grand Turkate that ruled over the archipelago between 1414 and 1511. 15. Mogadishu the Moroccan traveller Ibn Battutas appearance on the Somali coast in 1331, the city was at the zenith of its prosperity.He set forth Mogadishu as an exceedingly large city with many well-situated merchants, which was famous for its high quality fabric that it exported to Egypt, among other places. He added that the city was ruled by a Somali Sultan melodyally from Berbera in northern Somalia who spoke both Somali and Arabic with equal fluency. The Sultan also had a retinue of wazirs (ministers), legal experts, commanders, royal eunuchs, and other official s at his beck and call. 16. Kilwa -Kilwa Kisiwani is a community on an island off the coast of East Africa, in present day Tanzania. 7. Aden In 1421, Chinas Ming dynasty Yongle Emperor frameed principal envoy extraordinary grand eunuch Li Xing and grand eunuch Zhou bit of Zheng Hes fleet to convey an imperial edict with hats and robes to bestow on the fairy of Aden. The envoys boarded three treasure ships and set sail from Sumatra to the port of Aden. This event was record in the book Ying-yai Sheng-lan by Ma Huan who accompanied the imperial envoy 18. Malabar Coast The Malabar Coast is a long and narrow coastline on the south-western brim line of the mainland Indian subcontinent.Geographically, it comprises the wettest regions of southern India, as the Western Ghats intercept the moisture-laden monsoon rains, peculiarly on their westward-facing mountain slopes. The term Malabar Coast is also around cartridge clips used in reference to the entire Indian coast from the west ern coast of Konkan to the tip of the subcontinent at Cape Comorin. 19. Malacca the third smallest Malaysian state after Perlis and Penang. It is located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, side by side(p) to the Straits of Malacca. It borders Negeri Sembilan to the north and Johor to the south.Malacca was imbeded by Parameswara, also known as Iskandar Shah or Sri Majara, the last Raja of Singapura (present day Singapore) following a Majapahit attack in 1377. He found his way to Malacca around 1400 where he found a good portit was accessible in all sea passwords and on the strategically located narrowest point of the Malacca Straits. 20. Timbuktu The first mention is by the Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta who visited both Timbuktu and Kabara in 1353 when returning from a hindrance in the capital of the Mali Empire. 25 Timbuktu was still relatively unimportant and Battuta quickly move on to Gao.At the time both Timbuktu and Gao formed part of the Mali Empire. A ascorbi c acid and a half later, in around 1510, Leo Africanus visited Timbuktu. He gave a description of the town in his Descrittione dellAfrica which was published in 1550. 26 The original Italian was translated into a number of other languages and the book became widely known in Europe. 27 Empires/ nations 21. Delhi seedless raisinte v short-lived dynasties, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, mostly of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) origin in medieval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty.The five dynasties were the Mamluk dynasty (120690) the Khilji dynasty (12901320) the Tughlaq dynasty (13201414) the Sayyid dynasty (141451) and the Afghan Lodi dynasty (14511526). 22. Mali Empire a West African imperium of the Mandinka from c. 1230 C. E. to c. 1600. C. E. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa I. The Mali Empire had many profound cultural entices on West Africa, allowing the spread of its language, laws and customs along the Niger River.It extended over a large area and consisted of numerous vassal kingdoms and provinces. 23. Kanem- Bornu existed in modern Chad and Nigeria. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 9th blow AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900. At its raising it encompassed an area covering not only much of Chad, but also parts of modern southern Libya, eastern Niger, northeastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon. The account of the Empire in the longue duree is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle or Girgam discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth. 4. Gujarat From 1297 to 1300, Allauddin Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, sunk Anhilwara and incorporated Gujarat into the Delhi Sultanate. After Timurs sacking of Delhi at the end of the fourteenth one C weakened the Sultanate, Gujarats Muslim Rajput governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar ass erted his independence, and his son, Sultan Ishaan Shah (ruled 1411 to 1442), restructured Ahmedabad as the capital. 25. Bahmani Kingdom was a Muslim state of the Deccan in conspiracy India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms. Bahmanid Sultanate was the first independent Islamic Kingdom in sulfur India. 6. Vijayanagar Empire an empire based in South India, in the Deccan Plateau region. It was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his companion Bukka Raya I of Sangama Dynasty and Dhangar / Kuruba Gowda lineage. 27. Great Zimbabwe Great Zimbabwe acted as a royal castle for the Zimbabwean monarch and would have been used as the seat of their governmental power. One of its most prominent features were its walls, some of which were over five metres high and which were constructed without mortar. Eventually the city was abandoned and fell into ruin. Individuals / Peoples 28.Muhammed ibn Ab-dullah ibn Buttata a Muslim Moroccan explorer, known for his extensive travels, a ccounts of which were published in the Rihla (lit. Journey). Over a period of thirty years, he visited most of the known Islamic ground as well as many non-Muslim lands his journeys including trips to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in the West, and to the Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance colossal threefold his near-contemporary Marco Polo. Ibn Battuta is considered one of the greatest travellers of all time.He journeyed more than 75,000 miles (121,000 km), a escort unsurpassed by any individual explorer until the coming of the move Age some 450 years later. 29. Sundiata founder of the Mali Empire 30. Mansa Kankan Musa the ordinal Mansa, which translates as King of Kings or Emperor, of the Malian Empire. At the time of Mansa Musas rise to the throne, the Malian Empire consisted of territory formerly belonging to the golden coast Empire and Melle (Mali) and immediate surro unding areas, and Musa held many titles, including Emir of Melle, noble of the Mines of Wangara, and Conqueror of Ghanata, Futa-Jallon, and at least another dozen states. 1. Mansa Suleiman mansa of the Mali Empire from 1341 to 1360. The chum salmon of the powerful Kankan Musa I, he succeeded Musas son Maghan to the throne in 1341. His son Kassa briefly assumed the throne following his death in 1360, but was succeeded the same year by Maghans son Mari Diata II. 32. Sultan Iltutmish He was a slave of Qutb-ud-din Aibak and later became his son-in-law and close lieutenant. He was the Governor of Badaun when he deposed Qutub-ud-dins surrogate Aram Shah and acceeded to the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in 1211.He shifted Capital from Lahore to Delhi, remained the ruler until his death on whitethorn 1, 1236. Iltutmish introduced the silver tanka and the copper jital-the two basic coins of the Sultanate period, with a standard fish of 175 cereals. He introudced Iqtadari system divisi on of empire into Iqtas, which were assigned to the nobles and officers in lieu of salary. 33. Sultan Raziya First female Sultan referred to as Razia Sultana was the Sultana of Delhi in India from 1236 to May 1240. She was of Seljuq slave ancestry and like some other Muslim princesses of the time, she was trained to lead armies and administer kingdoms if necessary.Razia Sultana, the fifth Mamluk Sultanate was the only woman ruler of both the Sultanate and the Mughal period. Important Events 34. Mansa Musas excursion Musas journey was documented by several eyewitnesses along his route, who were in perplexity of his wealth and extensive procession, and records exist in a variety of sources, including journals, spontaneous accounts and histories. Musa is known to have visited with the Mamluk sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad of Egypt in July 1324. Questions to Outline 1.The ecosystems in Africa are controlled by their location in comparison with the equator and there are many different eco systems with in a tropical environment which is an area with a high temperature and humidity. 2. It mobilized the labor of ordinary people in order to produce surpluses, helped support powerful states and profitable commercial systems. 3. Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place from the 13th to the 16th centuries, though originally Muslim conquests made limited inroads into North India as early as the time of the Rajput kingdoms in the 7th century.Some historians consider parts of the conquest the bloodiest chapter in human history. 4. The Indian marine trade has been a key actor in EastWest exchanges. Long distance trade in dhows and sailboats made it a dynamic zone of interaction between peoples, cultures, and civilizations stretch from Java in the East to Zanzibar and Mombasa in the West. Cities and states on the Indian Ocean rim were Janus-faced. They looked outward to the sea as much as they looked inward to the hinterland. In the contemporary period, the re-assertion of Asias cultural, political, and economic trength has manifested itself in varied events such as the meteoric rise of the Chinese economy and the growing influence of Indias culture industry, and the rise of Dubai as a global pecuniary hub. These processes indicate a gradual movement of the fulcrum of global economic and multitude exchanges away from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean, a shift which is being keenly watched by national elites and global institutions. 5. Their status was determined by males, Tasks were cooking, create from raw material and farm work, family organization was important in society and some women didnt adopt veiling. . The spread of Islam, Commercial contacts and the rise of Mali and Ghana. These changed many things with in the people such as what rights they had, the amount of slavery, taxes and trade, economy was based off gold and their religion. 7. They made certain adjustments such as irrigation systems, and adopted different mean of surviving such as wild food and fish hunting, herding and grain trade, farming of rice, wheat , sorghum and millet. They also built dams and reservoirs.