Concentration of Acid and Indigestion Tablet

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Contact Essay Color Key complimentary Essays Un appreciated Essays Better Essays Stronger Essays Powerful Essays Term document Research Papers Privacy Our Guarantee Popular Essays Excellent Essays Free Essays A-F Free Essays G-L Free Essays M-Q Free Essays R-Z Essay Topics Plagiarism Donate a Paper An probe to substantiate How the Concentration of Hydrochloric window pane affects the Rate of reply with Calcium carbonateRate This Paper 1 2 3 4 5 Length 3036 words (8. 7 double-spaced pages) Rating Red (FREE) An Investigation to see How the Concentration of Hydrochloric sultry affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate I am going to look into how density of hydrochloric back breaker affects the dictate of contradiction between hydrochloric acid and indigestion yellow journalisms which contain mainly atomic number 20 carbonate.From my backg sharpshoot mana geledge from class work and books, (see references) I go finished shew out that if you augment the assiduity of hydrochloric acid, the com definee of answer testament increase and the sentence of the response testament decrease. The engrossment is dependant on the proportions of hydrochloric acid and irrigate in the solution. The stronger the hydrochloric acid is, the higher(prenominal) the density is. I go away from my research that different things back affect the rate of reply, for exampleTemperature of acid- the higher the temperature of the acid is, the to a greater extent force the particles obligate to bump upon around, on that pointfore thither ar more clashings and so a faster rate of reply. in that respect is a genuine cadence of energy needed for the particles to react which is c ei in that locationd the activation energy, so when the temperature of the solution is higher, it gives more particles sufficient energy so they move faster to reac t when they collide more. Size of the particles- when the reactant is a solid thusly it can be broken down into sm altogetherer pieces or into a powder giving it incompatible jump aras.The smaller the pieces, the bigger the surface argona is and therefore there is more ara for the acid to react with it, and so there is more chance of the particles colliding, so the rate of reception mend out increase. Catalysts- this weakens the bonds in the reacting molecules so it seems to press down the activation energy for the reply. This direction that there can be m all more winning collisions beca purpose particles bequeath ware more energy than the activation energy, and so the reaction allow be faster. In align to keep my audition fair, I mustiness keep all the variables the same except closeness, which is what I am investigating.From my preliminarty experiments, I restrain arrange that a foul up is let off in this reaction and having testing by portionting it with l ime pissing, I pay off concluded that the gas is carbon dioxide because the lime water turned cloudy. The equation is Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric acid Calcium Chloride + water + carbon dioxide To recoup the rate of reaction, I pass on mea incontestable how yen it takes to produce a certain amount of gas. To work out the rate of reaction, I hit to divide the amount of gas I will collect with the quantify.Rate= amount of gas collected/ clip In fix to make this experiment fair, I will keep all the variables the same, except niggardliness. I will keep the mass of calcium carbonate the same by victimisation champion tablet each time. The masses of each tablet vary, that only by a tenth of a gram all side of 1. 01g, which I think is non a large teeming difference in mass to make a difference to my experiment. I will try to do all my experiments on the same day, so the room temperature will be the same, which means the temperature of the acid will not change.I will u se a burette to measure the amount of hydrochloric acid and water, so the volume of acid will be the same. I will keep the surface area the same because I will use the full-page tablet and so each one will have the same surface area because they are all similar in size. Finally, I will use the same apparatus throughout my whole experiment to make it a fair test. I have through preliminary experiments in separate to fancy the amounts I should use for the variables. I chose to collect 40cm? of gas, 50cm? of acid solution and use half a intigestion tablet and crush it.I found three troubles with development this half a low-spirited tablet. The first task was the fact that it did not react real strongly, and it did not collect more than 24cm? of gas with my lowest concentration of acid, secondly it was exhausting to get exactly half a tablet, and this would take too long in my real experiment if I was to get exactly half a tablet each time. Lastly, I did not realise when to lead astray my stop quantify, because the time delay from the first bits of calcium carbonate fall into the acid, to the last bits of calcium carbonate falling was quite long and in between this, nearly gas was lost.This has do me decide to use a whole intigestion tablet, so I do not loose as some(prenominal) gas inbetween position the tablet into the solution and putting the angle on the conic flaskful. GRAPH I decided that the lowest concentration I will use is 1M of hydrochloric acid. , which took 85 seconds to collect 40cm? of gas. This highest concentration I will use is 3. 8M of hydrochloric acid, which took 50 seconds to collect 40cm?. From my preliminary experiments I have decided to Use one whole tablet, 50cm? of diverse acid concentrations and time how long it takes to collect 40cm? f carbon dioxide gas. My omen is The higher the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the fast the reaction time is with the indigestion tablets. This is because I have found out that the reaction will be speedy as the concentration increases, because the higher the concentration is, the more particles of acid there are which are closer together to collide more with each other and therefore react with each other, and so the reaction will be quicker. This is called the collision theory.I will use a graph to show my results, and I know from previous knowledge that the graph should be directly proportional, which means as the concentration increases, so does the rate of reaction. If the concentration is doubled, the rate of reaction is doubled, because there is in 2 ways as much possibility for collisions because there are twice as much particles. The line of best(p) moderate should go through the origin because when there is no concentration of acid, there are no particles to react. I expect to get a graph which looks bid the chaseEquipment 1 burette containing hydrochloric acid 1 burette containing water 1 conical flask tiptoe and deliver tube gas s pray stop clock clamp stand I am apply burettes because they have an accuracy of 0. 1cm? which means I can measure the volumes of water and acid very accurately, and the range of the burette is 0-50cm? of liquid, which is enough for what I need. I will use a gas syring which is accurate to 1cm? of gas collected, and ranges from 0-100cm? of gas which is accurate enough if I am to collect 40cm? of gas.The stop clock is accurate to the 100th of a second, merely I will round the time to the nearest second, because it is more realistic when remembering human reaction times, which is about 0. 1 seconds. In order to not let any gas escape, I will make sure I put the delivery tube and gas syring securely together. Method Set up apparatus as above Take 50cm? of the following concentrations at one time, using the burettes of acid and water-1M, 1. 4M, 1. 8M, 2. 2M, 2. 6M, 3. 0M, 3. 4M, 3. 8M. Put the acid solution into a conical flask Put 1 intigestion tablet into the the acid and put the bung on. Start the stop clock and time until the marker reaches 40cm?. Do this for all the concentrations. I will use a range of 2. 8M of hydrochloric acid, the lowest concentration is 1M and the highest is 3. 8M. I decided to use these concentrations, because in my preliminary experiments, I see that the reaction was too slow with a concentration below 1M, and that the reaction would be too fast above 3. 8M. I have elect to do 8 different concentrations, because I will not have enough time to do more, and I will still beable to tie-in a concusion even if I only use 8 different concentrations.I will have to use both 2M and 4M hydrochloric acid in order to make the different concentrations of acid. The ones which are 2M or below I will make with the 2M hydrochloric acid, and for the rest 4M hydrochloric acid. I will try to use as little of the 4M acid as possible, because it is more dangerous than the 2M. I will take as many repeat readings as I can in the time that I have, be cause repeats will help me to make sure I do not get any anomalous results. I will reapeat the anomalous results first. The more repeats I do, the more reliable my results will be.Safety I will use 2M and 4M hydrochloric acid which both have spikelet warnings so I will be careful using them and try not to get them on my hands or in my eyes. I will use goggles to protect my eyes. GRAPH Results This closedown supports my prediction well because my results show that the higher the concentration, the quicker the reaction is because there are more particles to react with each other, and so there is more chance for them to collide and therefore the reaction is faster, which is what I originally assumed in my prediction.My graph shows it is directly proportional, because if I take the concentration of 1. 5M of hydrochloric acid, and find the rate of reaction using my graph, it shows that the rate of reaction is 0. 36 cm? /s, and using the graph if I double the concentration to 3M, the ra te of reaction is 0. 72 cm? /s which is exactly two times faster than the reaction with 1. 5M which shows it is directly proportional. In the following table, I have calculated the honest time and rate of reaction for all the different concentrations.I have thence worked out the difference between each rate in order to find if there is a trend in how much quicker the reaction is which each concentration. GRAPH From this table, I can see there is a trend, because as the concentration goes up by 0. 4M each time, the rate goes up by 0. 07, 0. 08 or 0. 09 cm? /s which are very close to each other and shows that the rate is quite consistent because no matter what the concentration is, the rate goes up in a certain way on average of 0. 08 cm? /s. The only results that do not go with trend are the 3. M concentrations. On my graph I have circled them as anomalous results. There can be several(prenominal) explanations for this which I will cover in the evaluation. The following diagram is a simple way to help show why the rate of reaction increases with the concentration My experiment has helped me with my conclusion that the rate of reaction increases as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases, and has given me evidence to help explain it. Evaluation My results are as realiable as I could make them using the apparatus and the time I had.From my results I can say that most of the results are quite reliable and accurate to what they should be because I got the results I expected. However, I did get two results which I would say are anomalous. I decided that these two results are anomalous because according to my background knowledge and the rest of my results, I knew that I should get a directly proportional line of best fit, and the rest of the results are very near to this line of best fit. I know that my line of best fit is correct because as the concentration doubles, the rate doubles.The results for the 3. 8M showed that the rate was slower than the r ate of reaction with a lower concentration of 3. 4M. There are many different factors which may have affected my results. One of the biggest faults in my experiment was the fact that I did not have enough time to complete it in one day. repayable to various problems, I had to do the experiment on three different days. This means that all the equipment was different which may mean that they work other than from eachother. This makes it an unfair test.The second problem with doing it on different days is the problem of room temperature which can have a big effect on the rate, because as I know from back ground knowledge, I know the warmer the acid is, the faster the reaction because particles have more energy so there are more successful collisions. I made the mistake of not recording which results are from which day, so I cannot ascertain if this had a major effect on the results. Whilst doing the experiment, I notice a few problems which may also have effected my results.First of all is the problem that I only have two hands, so it was difficult to put the tablet in the conical flask, close the bung and also bulk the stop clock, all at the same time. When there was someone available, I asked them to get off the ground my stop clock, but this was not possible all the time. Adding this time to human reaction time of around 0. 1 of a second, some time could have been lost. Some gas was also lost in the time tip between putting the tablet in and putting the bung on. I tried my best to make this time period very small, but still some gas was lost.When I had managed to get the tablet into the acid with the bung on and time it, I noticed that sometimes the whole tablet would not go into the acid, and so it was not all reacting, so in order for the whole tablet, I would charge up it for a couple of seconds. I did not count how long I would do this for each one, but when I did shake it a rope of gas would be produced, so If I shook one flask for longer, more ga s would be produced faster because the whole tablet would be reacting with the acid and there would be more collisions and therefore a quicker reaction.Between each different concentration, I would wash the conical flask, and I detect that if I washed the flask with hot water, the flask would become hotter, or if I washed it with cold water the opposite would happen. This meant that the temperature of the acid and water solution would vary. This made the tests unfair because if I did some of them with hot conical flasks and others with cold ones, the ones with the warmer flasks would react faster because the temperature of the acid would increase and so give the particles more energy to react.If the equipment was much more sophisticated, for instance if all the equipment would stay the same temperature or if there was special clock which would get under ones skin at the exact time the tablet touched the acid, my results would be much more accurate, but I still found good results. IMAGEIf I could do the experiments again, I would do the following things differently in order for my results to be more accurate.I would make sure I did them all on the same day, use all the same equipment, have someone to start the stopclock, have better equipment, for instance a conical flask with a divider so the acid and calcium carbonate wont mix until I want them to Apart from all of the problems, my method was suitable and the experiment was successful because I had sufficient evidence to enable myself to come to a conclusion which agreed with my knowledge and prediction. I would have liked to share results with other people who were doing the same experiment as me to see if our results were similar, but goose egg was doing the same experiment as me.The only results which I did not think are reliable or accurate is the reaction of the 3. 8M concentration of hydrochloric acid with the calcium carbonate, and if I had more time I would investigate this further. I would find ou t why these results were anomalous because even though I did reapeats, I still got anomalous results and so I would like to find out why this happened. I would like to investigate the rate of reaction with more concentrations in order to see what happens after 3. 8M acid to see if it was still directly proportional or if the graph leveled off.Other extra investigatings I would do would include using different types of acid for instance nitric acid or sulphuric acid and see if they changed the reaction at all. I would also try and use different types of indigestion tablets, because the ones I use contained ginger which I have researched about to find that it is used for digestion, soothing aches and pains in muscles and improves circulation problems, so I would like to investigate if this has a different effect on the rate of the reaction or not.I put an indigestion tablet into 1M of acid concentration and measured the temperature before and after the reaction for one minute to se e if the reaction was energy-releasing or endothermal, but there was no change in temperature, so I would like to see what effect an exothermic or endothermic reaction would have on the experiment. Overall I think my results are reliable because the repeats are all very close to eachother, the biggest gap between my repeats is the 1. M concentration which had a time difference of 6 seconds, but the others which I had time to repeat are all around 3 seconds apart. If I had more time I would do much more repeats to make my results more reliable. The accuracy of my results are quite good because they are all very close to the line of best fit. I would like to do more experiments and repeats to make sure my line of best fit is accurate and in the correct place. Apart from these I think my investigation was successful.