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performance speculation EssayCognitive changes There be several changes that occur with aging, one of which is cognitive slowing. The slowing that occurs in all cognitive tasks where speed of resolution is a component is considered the nigh pervasive cognitive change in develop cordial aging. The probable venue of slowing is in the central nervous system (Bob McCallum, 1998). Pigment lipofuscin builds up in the headspring during superannuated age and it gradually results in brain degeneration. The aged brain weighs less, the lateral ventricles tend to be dilated, and the thenar of cortical tissue is narrowed (Hurlock, 1986). Such degeneration is held accountable for a decline in the brains capacity to function. But the average soulfulnesss intelligence is not likely to be seriously impaired before age 70 or 75 (Peterson, 1989). With good corporal and mental health, adequate educational levels, and intellectual stimulation, it appears that there is not as a great decli ne in intellectual abilities with age as previously thought, especially in the 60 to 75 age group. aflame changes Emotional changes over the adult life span are a topic of considerable impressiveness for psych other(a)apists working with older adults.At the mental level, the older adults are more difficult to arouse still also have more difficulty returning to a state of calm once raise (Woodruff, 1985). The accumulation of experiences leads to more complex and less extreme emotional experiences in later life. A reappraisal of re inquisition, using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory with older adults, noted that older adults were lower on scales associated with anger, impulsivity, and mix-up and argued that people may become less impulsive with maturity (Gynther, 1979, in Bob McCallum, 1998).It was concluded that as a whole, emotionality in older adults may be both more complex and subtler than that of junior adults. Theories on Aging Attempts to understand and explain the lives and activities of those who appear to age successfully have led to the variant formation of theories on aging. There are fourmain theories (a) Disengagement surmisal It is based on the notion that as people age they progressively withdraw from social, physical, and emotional interaction with the world.As they gradually disengage themselves, the decree too withdraws from its engagement with the aging person (b) Activity theory It stresses that older people should remain vigorous as long as they possibly can. When certain activities and associations must be given up (for example, employment), substitutes should be found because life satisfaction is highly dependent upon continued social, emotional, and physical involvement.In a despotic environment older people generally moved toward activity and informal contacts, rather than disengagement (Butler, Lewis Sunderland, 1998). (c) Socioenvironmental theory This approach is based on the understanding that people r espond to the social meaning of events. Two factors that walk out the meaning old people place on events-and thus their interaction patterns-are the physical proximity of other persons and the age homogeneity of an environment (Gubrium, 1973, 1975, cited in Butler et al. , 1973).(d) Developmental theory Erickson (1963) and Peck (1997) present a theory that describes human development in terms of progression through a series of stages. gray-haired age is a stage of life in which the individual must try to balance the search for ego integrity with a sense of despair. Out of this conflict emerges wisdom the human virtue most commonly associated with old age. The negative emotions associated with this stage, are in part a result of the limitations of a persons physical and psychological energy (Butler, Lewis, Sunderland, 1991).(e) Biological or medical perspective. Moberg (2002) further elaborates this physical and psychological decline and its effect on the elderly. Highlighting agi ng from the biological/medical perspective of physical decline along with losses of friends, employment, mobility, income, and so forth, has contributed to a pervasive negativism among biosocial scientists that is evident in their dissimilar way of talking to (hardly with) elderly persons, avoidance of touching seniors, and other indications of ageism.Opportunities for service are withdrawn from some(prenominal) who are retired, even in churches that use the Bible with its high value for elders, so disengagement theory becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Time spent in solitude and meditation can be wholesome, contrary to assumptions of Activity theory that lonely outer activities are worthwhile, for being alone is not the same as being lonely