What I Think Of The New Beetle :: essays research papers

Whats there to dislike about the New Beetle?Its a machine that makes people smile wherever it goes. It stands out like an orange animation raft in a grey sea of auto-anonymity. Even if they dont promptly recognise the Beetle connection - and not everyone does - expressions of affectionate interest atomic number 18 instant and heartfelt.Whats there to dislike about the New Beetle? closely everything. Its cartoonish design perhaps, which compromises its practicality in a way that the originals designer would surely neer have countenanced. Or maybe the fact that its a profoundly general car to drive.But lets begin at the beginning... When Ferdinand Porsche sketched the outline of the Beetle in the 1930s he ignored existing conventions of small car design in an attempt to create something better than anyone had hitherto managed. He proceeded logically, shade by step. So successful was the car that it became the foundation of a beau monde that is now one of the worlds five larg est car-makers. Now comes the New Beetle, a retroactive design draped over parts that belong to the fourth times Golf. This isnt design Ferdinand Porsche-style. The Golf, as ever, has an in-line four cylinder engine at the front, movement the front wheels. Its not an easy fit with the shape of the original Beetle, a car with a flat-four engine at the rear, impetuous the rear wheels. The out(prenominal) style of the New Beetle makes its internal an odd environment. The base of the windshield is so distant and the dash so deep that it feels like driving a people mover. Except, of course, that theres a distinct absence of roomy accommodation aft.Many adults will find the New Beetles two-place rear seat unbearable. operate room is tight for those of average height, impossible for anyone taller. The front seats, unlike those in the rear, atomic number 18 very comfortable. Firmly supportive and generously proportioned, both are equipped with lever-operated height adjustment. The quality of the materials used in the New Beetles confine is very impressive. So, too, is the way they fit together. Like the Golf on which its based, the interior furnishings are one of the most impressive things about the car.Visibility from the drivers short letter isnt brilliant - the A-pillars are very thick. Because they sweep so far in front they create - with the aid of the external mirrors - a sizeable blind spot. luggage space in the New Beetle is meagre.

How Successful Were Immigration Schemes in the British, French and Spanish Territories

How roaring were in-migration plans in the British, cut and Spanish territories? After the emancipation of the slaves, it was very backbreaking for planters to obtain a sure-fire lug force. in that respect were not enough slew to bet on the groves and also planters found it difficult to control their remaining craunch. As a result planters were at a loss. in-migration was introduced in the hope of fixing the labor problems of the planters. Although some colonies flourished, others failed horribly. in that location were three main territories in that era. The British territory use more stratagems.They utilise the European, Lusitanian, African, Chinese and Indian plots. First was the European scheme. European labor was imported chiefly by the British colony Jamaica in recount to increase its white population as well as providing plantation labor at the same time. Robert Greenwood and Shirley Hamber state that between 1834 and 1838, thousands of Scots, Irish and a few hundred Germans came to Jamaica. However that scheme failed tremendously as close to Europeans died because the lacked immunity to tropical diseases and others ref utilise to work when they saw what they had to do and understood that it was the work of blacks.Even so, the Jamaican government tried this scheme again in 1841, merchandise more whites from Britain. Yet again, the scheme failed as about Europeans died n others asked to be repatriated. Finally the governments were convinced that labor from northern Europe was a dim prospect. Secondly, the British territory used the Madeiran scheme. It began in Madeira which is a Portuguese island in the Atlantic off the coast of morocco. Greenwood and Hamber state that these laborers were salaried 3 to 4 pence a day and were attracted to higher wages and prospects in the West Indies. The importations of the Mandeiran people began in 1835, further were suspended in 1839 because the British government was examining the have an d morality of the schemes. The scheme began again in 1841 on an official infrastructure where large numbers went to British Guiana until 1848 when the scheme was suspended again. It resumed in 1850 save not on a large scale. Mandeiran immigration lasted from 1835-1882 with a heart of 36,000 immigrants to the B. W. I. It was an unsatisfactory scheme as it was irregular, it had a high death-rate of new comers and most Mandeirans especially in British Guiana went into trading as shortly as possible.Thirdly was the African immigration scheme. In 1841, importation of Africans from Sierra Leone, the Kru coast, St. Helena and those carry through from slave ships began. The scheme lasted from 1841-1862. It was very popular at set-back but declined after the 1850s mainly for two reasons. The first reason was because chartered ships were used to carry the emigrants from Africa which made them think it was slavery all over again. The min reason was because the agents in West Africa undo ubtedly lured the Africans with fictional promises of money and land.As soon as news of the conditions of the West Indies leaked back, it was hard to attract the Africans. Fourthly was the Chinese immigration scheme. At first it was difficult to attract Chinese immigrants to the B. W. I. for exercise when Trinidad attempted to import some Chinese, few arrived and they either refused to work or were unsuitable. A large scale of Chinese immigration began in 1852 from the Portuguese colony of Macao. These immigrants were only male convicts or prisoners of war. Therefore in 1859 a family immigration scheme was started.By having Chinese women immigrants less jealousy arose on the plantations. This scheme was more lucky however, there was deception caused by agents in false promises about repatriation and also the nature of work. Moreover, Chinese immigrants were small farmers and market gardeners, not plantation workers. This scheme suffered many problems for example since china was n ot a British colony, the British government could only try to persuade the Chinese government to allow emigration. Finally was the Indian immigration scheme.The year 1838 was the arrival date of Indians to the B. W. I however, it was suspended by the Indian government in the same year because of ill-treatment of the Indians and also Indians were not being paid the promised wages. This scheme resumed in 1844 and lasted until 1917. This scheme was generally booming throughout the B. W. I because Indians were a cheap source of labor and were able to adapt to plantation life well. The French also tried to meet their labor needs. They used the immigration schemes of Regional, Europeans and Indian.First they tried regional immigration. Rosamunde Renard shared the view that among the first immigrant workers introduced in Guadeloupe were those brought from the British West Indies (B. W. I). Approximately, they imported eighty Madeiran and seventy blacks from the British colonies. However, this immigration attempt was failed because that was a bad set of laborers. They also tried the European immigration scheme. Rosamunde Renard states that the governor general of Martinique allocated a fund of 100,000 francs to facilitate European immigration to the colonies. The government prepared themselves to support European immigration at the rate of 250 francs per adult and 150 francs per child. Even so, this scheme was not successful at the end because Europeans contracted diseases easily and planters argued that they were not fit for plantation work. Contrary to that, planters argued that European immigration had two positive effects it brought the aboriginal workers back to the plantations and also brought down wages. Finally they tried Indian immigration schemes.Indians were a good source of labor and Martinique and Guadeloupe showed high demands for this scheme. However the French were faced with problems. Since Indians were controlled through the British it was difficul t acquire such a labor force. Moreover French planters argued that priority was always given to the British recruiters and they got inferior immigrant laborers. It was also argued that Indian immigration was seen as a snappy part to the recovery of the French West Indies. The final territory was that of the Spanish.They used the African, Chinese, European immigration scheme. First was the African scheme. It was a source of nickel-and-dime(prenominal) labor. However, this scheme was done illegally because they used slaves. They sent illegal Africans to Havana. This scheme did not last long. Africans grew resistant to work. Moreover, they used the Chinese immigration scheme. integrity can argue that this is what they are most notorious for. Chinese immigration was another source of cheap labor. The first Chinese contract workers were brought to Cuba in June, 1847.After the group arrived, the scheme was suspended for six years due to supranational prospects and other difficulties. Mary Turner states that between 1847 and 1874, a period conceding with 10 years of the transatlantic slave trade, 125,000 Chinese were landed in Cuba. Their contracts were offered for sale. Chinese workers were contracted for eight years for about four (4) pesos a month for men and three (3) pesos a month for women. Even so, the scheme failed because the laborers were un-disciplined because of desertion and absenteeism.Furthermore they used the European immigration scheme. Lucia Lamounier states that white immigration was first sought mainly to counteract the growing black slave population. There were expectations that Europeans settlers were to become industrious, independent small landholders, providing a racial balance and semipolitical stability. However, the European immigrants were expensive and were unsuitable for plantation work. When Europeans noticed that methods used on plantations were like that of slavery, they refused to work. As a result this scheme was unsuccessfu l.In conclusion the immigration schemes used by all three territories was not entirely successful because not every scheme for each territory occurred without having any dependable problems in which the planters could recover easily from. As a result, immigration was successful to a certain extent. Bibliography Hilary Beckles, Verone Shepherd, Caribbean freedom economy and society from emancipation from the knightly to present, London J coiffure publishers1993 Robert Greenwood, Shirley Hamber, emancipation to emigration book 2, Macmillan publishers particular 2003.Lucia Lamounier- Between Slavery and Free labor Early experiments with free labor and Patterns of Slave Emancipation in Brazil and Cuba In Mary food turner (Ed) From Chattel slaves to Wage Slaves the Dynamics of labor bargaining in the Americas. Rosamunde Renard Immigration and the indenture ship in the French West Indies, 1848-1870 In Hilary Beckles, Verone Shepherd, Caribbean freedom economy and society from emanci pation from the past to present, London J Curry publishers1993

Assignment 2: Moments of Truth: Global Executives Talk About the Challenges That Shaped Them as Leaders

Assignment 2 Moments of truth Global Executives verbalize about the challenges that abidanced them as attractorship Looking at the more issues that top level managers had to endure in ensuring that their perspective groom-up is victorious is a genuinely(prenominal) primary(prenominal) factor in determining how useful they would be as drawing cardship and decision prevailrs. Below are issues that helped to shape them as leaders and helped them to overcome challenges faced within their various organizations. unimportanceThe issue of humility is that when a person is in a lead position he/she has to fall in the ability to look at things in their own perspective and be about to accept the suggestions, ideas, proposals from other people. listen to your subordinates as salutary as your peers is a important factor in humility, by realizing that you as a leader work for the company and its people. skill If the leader in an organization does not have the energy or the drive for the success of the organization, the employees impart not have the energy or drive for the success of the organization.Leaders have to lead from the front by introducing innovative ideas to keep the company fresh and vibrant. This will help to ingrain the employees with the same concepts and keep the entrepreneurial spirit alive. Intuition umpteen cartridge clip when you want to take the organization into a new era of developing, this whitethorn be through an idea that you know in your gut will be a good move for the company. Sometimes as leaders you may not get the support from your endeavor from many areas of your organization, solely as a leader you should take in the advice of your peers and subordinates and elucidate assured decisions on what you should do.In many cases you may feel that no weigh what this idea will be best course of action for your organization and despite all advice to the contrary you proceed on with your idea. Listening is very important in lea dership as it allows you to understand the information that is presumptuousness to you and allows you to make informed decisions on what it is you want to accomplish. Vision Leaders have to have vision in order to be different from the stick around and create new business functions within the organization.If you as a leader dont have a vision for your particular field, you wont be able to create the innovation that will allow for emerging growth in the company. Looking at the market and seeing what it is lacking and construction upon existing or creating new functions to fill that gap is important to future growth. Perspective Having the vision to look ahead and anticipate whats coming is very important to growth and change of an organization. As the situation changes in the military man around the organization, so should the organization.Leaders have to understand the environment in which they live in to full understand the global environment. If you are a leader that doesnt se e the world as an ever changing entity consequently you and your organization are destined to fail. The global marketplace is constantly changing so you may not have the same employees conducting the same functions as in the past. Leaders have to understand this to continually move their companies forward. making love Leaders have to have passion about what they are doing.The debut of new products and business functions are important to organizations. If the leaders are not passionate about what he/she is doing then the project is doomed to fail. eve as many of your peers in the industry feel that it is a do in of time, you should have the passion to see it through. Conviction CEOs of organizations often have to make the tough decisions and many times these decisions are not received well by other members of the organization.What these CEOs have to do is look at what their enormous term goals are for the organization and have the conviction to see it through. Many times they have to do this despite everything that is being suggested by members of his/her team and declining profit margins of the company. Seeing it through to the end is a very important trait for a leader, as it shows other members in the organization that their leaders has the foresight and drive to see a project through to the end. studyEveryone has the ability to learn and it doesnt stop once you are the leader of an organization. Leaders must be able to learn from the various mistakes that they make and make the organization stronger for it. The ability to listen to your subordinates and peers will help to make a well rounded leader that is capable of leading teams to be very successful. Leaders must take all the lessons that they learn to midriff and apply those lessons to help create change or help to purify the existing functions of teams and organizations alike.

Post Colonial Perception on the Grass Is Singing Essay

The sess Is Singing, kickoff-year published in 1950, was an international success. The story focuses on bloody shame Turner, the married wo slice of a conjureer, who is found murdered on the porch of her home. After her body is found, we ar acquiren back to her younger days and slowly disc everyplace what happened to her. The background, localization of function of this story is set in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in South Africa which has been move from Doris Lessings bear childhood spent there. Her first authorise noesis of victuals on a farm in South Africa shines through with(predicate) in this book. The land, the characters, the farming be each vividly described. Both of her p arnts were British her laminitis, who had been cripp lead in World War I, was a clerk in the Imperial Bank of Persia her dumbfound had been a nurse. In 1925, lured by the annunciate of getting rich through maize farming, the family moved to the British addiction in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Doriss m a nonher(prenominal)(a) adapted to the rough animatenesstime in the resolve, energetic tot solelyyy trying to reproduce what was, in her view, a civilized, Edwardian spirit among savages except her father did non, and the thousand-odd acres of bush he had bought failed to commit the promised wealth. Similar sequences are presented in the book. Doris Lessing was born Doris May Tayler in Persia (now Iran) on October 22, 1919.She is a great female British writer and in October 2007, became the 11th woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in its 106-year history, and its oldest recipient ever. Lessing has indite many novels, short stories and tales, drama, poetry and comics of which novels like The tummy Is Singing, The Golden n geniusbook computer are the close popular and her doings continue to be reprinted. Lessing know that she had quite an amazing bread and butter except didnt know how to good time it when she set outed writi ng a book. She read a unexampledspaper cutting somewhat a snow- sporting mistress murdered by her black cook, n i knows why and he is waiting to be hanged. However, Doris knew perfectly well why he had committed this offense because of her upbringing. For example, there was a lady gossiped close in her neighborhood that she allowed her cook-boy to button up the back of her dress and purify her hair. It is appalling and awful, she says. It was a violation of the washcloth behavior. still she didnt exile like a white mistress. She had treated him like a athletic supporter and then started treating him like a servant. They were treated abominably. It was said that the white mistresses didnt know how to treat their servants and obviously it was a sex thing. In Afri laughingstock glossiness, for wo hands to tell a man what to do was unattainable. Yet, all these provides had men-servants and the white mistresses mouth to them in high, harassed, angry voice. They couldnt talk t o them like concourse. The author chooses to start this novel by the land up. It begins with a brief newspaper clipping, suggesting the murder of bloody shame Turner under the headline Murder Mystery. However, it certainly is not a murder mystery as we are told the suspect has confessed the crime and there is no serious effort to unravel the crime. It is not who but why behind the murder. Lessings purpose is quite different. She wants to establish an end point in order to examine the extremely flawed caller in which it occurs.The author has given the reader a place, an charget and a social problem all earlier her narrative begins. Lessing wrote dickens books, unrivalled of them at long-hand after returning home to the farm. The other whiz, in which she make fun of the white culture, was mannered. This helped her to write nigh the white culture in Southern Rhodesia in The Grass Is Singing. According to Ruth Whittaker, one of the readers of Lessings works, this novel is an ex traordinary first novel in its certified treatment of its unusual arena matter Doris Lessing questions the entire values of the Rhodesian white compound community. The novel reflects its authors disapproval of inner and political prejudices and colonialism in the Southern Afri stomach setting through the life of bloody shame Turner and a fatal relationship with their black servant.On the surface, it seems a psychological and personal portrayal of a female patron from childhood to conclusion but seen as a all, it is the political mental picture of the futility and fragility of the patriarchal and colonial society upon which the masculinity of imperialism has sustained itself-importance. The whole novel can be seen as bloody shames repugn towards individuation to make unnecessary her authenticity and sense of self but it fails because of the psychological and the political forces which furnish her half-size insight and threaten to crush her. I attempt to show how Lessing portrays bloody shames subjectivity as make and entangles within the ideological triangle of class, grammatical sex and festinate and how the same internal and ideological factors, rooted in family and culture, causes failure in bloody shames achieving her cause sense of self and dooms her to remainder.Mary is fragmented between two contradictory statuses on one hand she longs to be a subject of her life, to cash in ones chips in a way she desires, and on the other hand she unconsciously performs a role as an object of the white despotic anatomical structure of a colonial society which extracts meaning of her personal self and imposes its values forcing, the psyche to yield to the good of the collective. Marys subjectivity and behavioral pattern are shaped by the cross-hatched intersection of class, gender and race through the operation of inner and political colonialism in the mise en scene of imperialism.Gender and ClassThe early sketch of Marys picture show entails a subjectivity negotiating between gender and class positions. Marys early childhood is shaped under the influence of an oppressive father who wastes his money on drinks while his family lives in misery and poverty. Her mother, a portentous scrawny woman who made a confidante of Mary earlyand employ to cry over her sewing and Mary comforted her miserably, is her first model of gender role a passive and helpless woman, henpecked by the overwhelming masculine patterns, however the complying of victim of poverty.Besides sacramental manduction the pains of poverty and living in a little house that was like a small wooden box on slits and the 12 month quarrel of her parents over money, Mary has been the witness of their sexuality and her mothers body in the hands of a man who was exclusively not present for her. All her life, Mary tries to forget these memories but in fact she has just suppressed them with the reverence of sexuality which comes up posterior nightmarishingly in he r dreams. By seeing her mother as a distaff victim of a miser commensurate wedding, she internalizes a negative image of feminity in the form of sexual repression, inheriting her mothers arid feminism. hasten and GenderThe narrator exposes that the Turners failure at farming and their poverty and reclusiveness construct made them disliked in the regulate. The Turners primitive condition of life is displease for other white settlers because they do not like the indigenes to see themselves live in the same manner as the whites, which would destroy that spirit de army corps which is the first rule of South African society. This anxiety is much political than economic based on the opposition of white/black. ln this way, another(prenominal) complex clash of value system, besides gender and class, is added to the narrative structure of the novel and that is the matter of race. Colonialism is based on the white mens spirit of venture for missionary and farm life through their sett lement in the third world countries and harvest-time their resources by establishing the imperial ascendence over the native people. The white men, by enslaving the native men on the lands they have in fact stolen from them and feminizing some others in their house chores, preserve their admit position as masters in the center and the natives as Others in the margin.They use race and gender, two inseparable qualifiers, to access their favor of index in the imperial hierarchy and legitimize their actions. Gender and race are components of this hierarchy by which the white settlers attempt to establish their own rules and security in the alien land. The binary of white/black reminds us of race difference which itself is linked and dependent on other differences, more importantly gender. White women are objectified as unattainable property of white men through stereotyping the native men as violent, savage and sexually threatening. These double strategies both take the personal identity from white women and colonize them as sexual objects always in danger and in need of the rarefied protection of their white men and help the white men master their fear and jealousy for the superior sexual potency of the black men.The controlling White culture projects all of those qualities and characteristics which it most fears and hates within itself on the natives which pass waters for the curb group a wholly negative ethnical identity. as well as Jan Mohamed notes that the native is cast as no more than a recipient of the negative elements of the self that the European projects onto him. The patriarchal myth of white woman as white mans property and symbol of his power and the forbidden fruit for black man expels women from subjective roles by appalling on them the view that they are unable to handle the black laborers. therefore the white women are convinced that they cannot share power with the white men especially in the farm life which is the current conte xt of masculinity, toughened work, action challenge beyond domesticity.So they are confined in the domestic sphere and considered shiftless. Charlie Slatter, the most successful and powerful farmer of the district in this novel, makes a joke of it Needs a man to call for with niggers. Niggers dont understand women giving them orders. They keep their own women in their right places. In such colonial dissertate, the black natives, employed whether as domestic servants in feminine sphere or as barren agricultural workers, are represented as wild, violent, potential rapists, and threatening the white women who need the white mens protection against the natives. In this way, white patriarchate makes a heroic scenario for itself. During the first scene in which Moses touches Mary, she is appal at the sensation and feels certain that it is a prelude to rape. Instead, he pushes her softly on the bed, and covers her feet with her nightgown. point in the later scene in which Moses is c aught by the slopeman in a moment of scandalously inappropriate contact with Mary, he is caught pulling a dress over her head with indulgent uxoriousness.The insinuations of tenderness, so romance between Moses and Mary appear in this moment to spree a radical alternative to the prototypical script of rape apply to all relationships between white women and black men during the a placeheid era. Any mistrust as to Mosess fundamentally violent nature is also eradicated in the final scenes in which he returns to batter Mary to death. In the sexual politics of the colonial myth, white women are victims as the native subjects are in the racial politics. A woman who is inner(a) racially can simultaneously experience gender limitations and class difference within her own category, like in the case of Mary Turner. Mary fails to preserve her case-by-caseity because she is not able to resist the strong master narratives of the false colonial and patriarchal myth of superiority of her cu lture through the discourse of gender and race which place her firmly in a predetermined position.marginalisationLessing has described the feelings of the characters, especially of Mary profoundly. The description of Mary, her wishes and her behavior, is done in a rather psychological way proving Mary Turners life tragical. She is effectively forced into marriage by the weight of social expectations and traditions. She neer loves her husband, but she is, at least initially, glad to have one, as it makes her design. From the moment she marries, she is engaged in a losing battle to hold on to her own identity and survive this marriage. We can distinguish Mary as a victim of marginalization. This is mainly because her needs for development are not considered by her husband and she plays no role in influencing decisions for their house. Since she is bewildered by shots house which consists of a turn up crusade roof, atomic number 30 bath, skins of animals on red brick floor all o ld and badly maintained, with her own saved money Mary brings flowered materials and cushions to make curtains, a little linen, crockery and some dress lengths (61). Further she asks Dick for ceilings over corrugated iron roof but he refuses saying that it would cost likewise much and they may have it done next year if they do well (63).Dick is now instead investing in other things like setting up a grocery store, growing maize, harvesting beehives, pigs, turkeys, etc. that he thinks would help them grow rich less realizing his married woman felt sick with the heat when she stayed in the house under the iron roof. Unfortunately, Dick keeps failing at every attempt of his to improve their condition. Mary is, all the time, counting money wasted on Dicks various attempts at different jobs which could have improved the condition of their house. Here, Dick has never taken into account Marys guidance and excluded her from fashioning or influencing his decisions before going on with thes e jobs. We can, hence, distinguish Mary as a victim of marginalization, the marginalized.Perhaps Marys tragedy is all the deeper on account of the fact that she never realizes that the native Africans who essential work the farms of the white settlers are just as much tragic victims as she is. The natives are deprived of their own land and looked down with contempt. The black native men are made to serve the white colonies. Much of the discourse around the British colonies in postmodernism is centered on the exploitation of the resources and the people from the colonies, leading to a feeling of racial superiority on the part of the colonizer. This deep-seated racism is clearly evident in Doris Lessings The Grass is Singing as none of the white colonials are sympathetic or make up see the Zimbabweans as fully human.Mary too treats all her house boys dreadfully she despises their carelessness, their laziness, and their failure to pander adequately to her. At one moment, when she rep laces her sick husband in the fields, she is thoroughly brutal with the black farm hands. However, I feel that Lessings novel is less concerned about showing the misery felt by the Zimbabweans for the hand they were dealt by the colonial Empire and more about showing the toll colonialism has on those who do not belong there. What Lessing is unfeignedly showing is how damaging the colonial foreland can be when one is not equipped for it. One is left(p) with a sense that when prejudice and false thoughts generated by self-interest belong institutionalized, they cloud the perception of people so thoroughly that even the victims are capable of victimizing others.In spite of its formulaic narrative, The Grass Is Singing has nonetheless been read as a progressive critique of injustice, racism, and sexual hypocrisy, in part because of its open investigation of gender and sexuality. It is through Marys predicaments as a woman and in particular as a member of the works class that The Gr ass Is Singing opens up potentially radical grounds for sympathy. At first glance, Marys sterile obsession with domesticity combined with scorn for all her black servants recalls Ronald Hyams take-off of white women in the colonies as moping and sickly, narrowly intolerant, vindictive to the locals, despotic and shameful to their servants. For some, however, Marys plight is a more realistic and tragic example of how hardship and isolation can destroy even the most independent of women (Fishburn 2).Indeed, her intolerance for her black servants becomes more complex when read as a displaced resistance against the patriarchal norms of her society. Marys belligerence is a clear projection of her anger against an unsatisfactory marriage and the oppressive, gendered social norms that led to its existence. Dicks attitude towards her is never hostile or abusive, but she persistently resents him for things that she knows he is not able to help, such as his take up of financial failures, the unbearable poverty, and the virtual absence of any company or entertainment at the farm. Even among other white people, such as the nearby Slatter family, Mary feels too much pride and humiliation to exhibit the full depths of her loneliness and despair. It is only in the presence of her black servants that she feels able to release the full-blown rage and intolerance that have clearly erupted from elsewhere.What really dash offed Mary Turner?Various critics have expressed confusion over why the dialectic must necessarily be resolved by Mosess murder of Mary. A reviewer in The Doris Lessing Newsletter asked, wherefore does Moses murder Mary? The TLS queried, Why does he feel he has to kill her? and The Listener demanded, Is this the only possible outcome? (11) Lessing leaves Mosess inner states shrouded in mystery after his act of murder, what thoughts of regret, or pity, or perhaps even wounded human affection were compounded with the satisfaction of his completed revenge, i t is impossible to say (206). Equally cryptic is the fact that Mary herself becomes complicit in her own murder, to the extent that she runs toward Moses, sure of the fact that he should kill her. This desire to give way is prefaced by an unbearable, tragicomic sense of her South African history.Shortly before her death, Mary peruses volumes of books celebrating the legacy of Cecil Rhodes, and she laughs long and bitterly, thinking absent-mindedly to herself, But the young man Moses would save her (199). As she lies down to sleep on the night of the murder, she cancelled her face into the darkness of the pillows, but her eyes were alive with light, and against the light she dictum a dark, waiting shape. Propelled by fear, but also by knowledge, she lift out of bed, not making a sound (203). As Mary makes her way onto the veranda, the trees stood still and waited until finally Moses appears, and at the sight of him, her emotions unexpectedly shifted, to create in her an extraord inary feeling of guilt, but towards him, to whom she had been disloyal, and at the bidding of the Englishman (204). As she opens her mouth to apologize, Moses clasps one hand over her mouth to silence her and with the other hacks her head with a blunt instrument. And then the bush avenged itself that was her closing thought. Marys cognizance of the murder as one compounded by her own guilt and by vengeance, rather than loose aggression, shows a strange ability to forgive her own murderer even as he performs the act that she knows he is compelled to do.Charles Sarvan argues that Marys death has religious and apocalyptic overtones in that she decides to offer herself as a sacrifice which will both atone for past crimes and hasten the coming of the new order. Well if it came down to forensics it would be clear that the killer was Moses. But Mary Turner was long gone before Moses took a machete to her. This begs the question then of what really killed Mary Turner? In my opinion, I wou ld argue that the real killer was the African outback. Lessings protagonist Mary spent her whole life in the African addiction, and yet she never seems to fully belong. She spends the first half of her life in the townsfolk where she is blissfully and naively happy. Yet, even in the town Mary remains an outsider. Mary belongs to an English community and therefore must conform to English standards for women. She loves England (despite never having been there) so she performs her civic duty and jumps into a marriage with a forgetful farmer living deep in the African outback. A marriage in town is nothing like a marriage in the country and Mary quickly realizes it.She is uprooted from the life she immensely enjoyed in town and is planted into a decrepit farm house that is falling isolated around her. The misery she feels about her living conditions is no match for the aline conditions of Africa she sees for the first time. In the outback, Mary is confronted with the populace of c olonialism- the natives- and she can not mentally or physically stand it. When the natives are far away working for Dick, Mary can at least barely tolerate living on the farm. However, when confronted with the natives in her home she unravels. In the African outback this idea of British civilization falls to pieces because as Sarah De Mal says in her article Doris Lessing, Feminism, and the prototype of Zimbabwe, the omniscient narrator describes how the main protagonist feels displaced within colonial culture since her desires and dreams are at odds with the prevailing values and rules of this culture (De Mal 36).What Mary dreams of is a life in town, away from the natives working as a typist in an ordinary office living with other white colonists. Her reality is far removed from this as she is living with the true colonials whom she resents and despises as organism the other. And when this other characterized by Moses confronts her and invades her space, her mind and her body det eriorates rapidly until she resembles however a shell of a human being. Moses is a direct skirmish of the thaumaturgy Mary has. She envisions herself as an English rose whose purity must not be tainted by the black man. Yet when Moses physically touches her and confronts her about her attitude towards him, Mary falls apart.By these two acts, Moses has killed her fantasy by forcing her to see him as a human being. Mary can no longer pretend she has superiority over him as a white woman. It is this realization that kills her for after she submits the Moses humanity she loses all sanity. Moses only consummate the process by ending her physical life. I believe all in all Moses was the end of Mary. However, it was not his machete that killed her. What killed her was his which is the reality of the colony and the people who lived there. Her fantasy of being a true and righteous English woman could not hold up against the vastness of Africa and this reality skint her spirit and left he r as empty as she had envisioned the African outback to be.ConclusionMary Turner is not able to cargo area her own identity because her identity is compounded by the overpowering colonial and gender narratives in which she is knit. The colonial ruling power dictates that she as an individual has to behave according to the terms imposed by her imperial identity. Even her disintegration must be silenced because it threatens the whole authority of the dominant category. Mary fails in her journey of self-quest but she is the heroine of this novel because she reverses the social, racial and cultural orders of her society though unconsciously. As in Katherine Fishburns words, she is as an inadvertent rebel who at least dissolves the dichotomous orders and consequently reveals for the reader the fear and falsity of the white civilization whose indictment is the division between privileged white and the dispossessed black. (Fishburn 4) Sima Aghazadeh quotes, by her death, Mary paves the way for the native (Africa/Moses) to take a subjective action.She cannot guarantee her own identity since she does not have any antidote to loneliness, poverty and gender limitations, but she foreshadows a change in Imperial attitudes. The Grass is Singing, through its circular register from a collective perspective of Marys murder to an individual account of her personal life, completes an indictment of its central characters life in the center of a closed white colonial society in southern Africa in which the linked discourses of class, race, and gender bring her into exclusion, isolation, grass down, and finally to death. Marys failure of individuation is the failure of patriarchy and colonial culture to satisfy its female member to find fulfillment within this status quo.References* Fishburn, Katherine. The Manichcan Allegories of Doris Lessings The Grass is Singing, explore in Literature, Vol.25, No.4 Winter I994.* Wang, Joy. White postcolonial guilt in Doris Lessings The G rass is Singing. Research in African Literatures 40.3 (2009) 37+. Academic OneFile.Web. 15 Sep. 2012.* Fishburn, Katherine. The Manichean Allegories of Doris Lessings The Grass Is Singing. Research in African Literatures 25.4 (1994) 1-15.* Postcolonial African Writers- A Bio-Bibliographical captious Sourcebook Pushpa Naidu Parekh, Siga Fatima Jagne Google Books* http//www.dorislessing.org/biography.html* Doris Lessing Writer -The Grass Is Singing- Web of Stories http//www.webofstories.com/play/53470?o=MS* The Grass is Singing by Doris Lessing http//www.dorislessing.org/the.html* The Grass is Singing Doris Lessing Review Life and death in South Africa http//www.dooyoo.co.uk/printed-books/the-grass-is-singing-doris-

Forensics 1.06 Critical Thinking

Review QuestionsWhat is forensic scholarship? Forensic learning is the application of science to the barbarous scantilyice system.What three tasks or responsibilities does a forensic scientist meet? A forensic scientist can collect and go bad data from hatred scenes, and train other law enforcement individuals. Forensic scientists can work in the lab, go out and collect data, or teach at colleges and universities.What criteria top executive be used to establish some integrity as an expert lulu? Courts take in the educational degrees that the individual has, any publications that they may have, how many another(prenominal) years that they have been involved in their field, and any professional organizations that the person is a member of.What are two of the ways that a forensic pathologist might use to help determine the time of end? A forensic pathologist can use rigor mortis and liver mortis to invention out time of death.What does a forensic anthropologist do? A foren sic anthropologist specializes in identifying and examining skeletons and skeletal remains.Critical Thinking Questions1) wherefore do you have in mind back it is so important to use proper methods when collecting endorse from a crime scene? It is important to use proper methods when collecting evidence so that you can be able to analyze it correctly and spoil the correct information. If you do not use proper methods and collect the faulty information, then even the about experienced forensic scientist cannot analyze it and the venomous will get away, and you will never know the truth of what happened.2) Why do you think forensic science has been increasingly used by the criminal justice system? I think that forensic science has been increasingly used by the criminal justice system because it is science, which is easier to analyze and to understand on the nose why and how things happened. It also makes it easier because youre not just listening to two sides of the story, or even one side of the story, and decision making from that. Instead, youre using actual evidence to find out exactly what happened, which is what makes forensic science so effective, especially when used by the criminal justice system.3) Which of the forensic scientists responsibilities do you think would be the most challenging? Why? I think that the most difficult business of a forensic scientist is being an expert witness. I think that it would be challenging because youre testifying in a very important tap case, youre under pressure, and you cannot lie, leave out details, or stretch the truth. any(prenominal) you say affects whether or not the criminal in the case is install guilty or walks free, which can be very stressful to think about.4) Which of the forensic scientists responsibilities do you think would be the most kindle to you? Why? I think that the most interesting responsibility of a forensic scientist would be analyzing the data. I would always want to be the one to piece together a puzzle, and to solve a crime to figure out exactly what happened in a case. I think that it would be challenging, but it would also be interesting to join in on a case and examine and analyze the data to figure assorted things out.5) Which of the specialty areas do you think you would most like to work in? Why? I would be more interested in act and working in forensic pathology. I would really delight in doing autopsies and determination out time of death and the cause of death of people. I would enjoy working with blood and tissue samples, and I would feel very sodding(a) when I finally solved a mystery.

Tddc17 – Lab 2 Search

TDDC17 -? Lab 3 routine 2 Q5 P (Melt bundle) = 0,02578 P(Meltdown Ica hold) = 0. 03472 b) Suppose that both warning sensors indicate failure. What is the endangerment of a meltdown in that case? Compargon this result with the insecurity of a melt-? down when there is an actual pump failure and pee leak. What is the difference? The answers must be expressed as conditional probabilities of the observe variable stars, P(Meltdown ). P(Meltdown PumpFailureWarning, WaterLeakWarning) = 0,14535 P (Meltdown PumpFailure, WaterLeak) = 0,2 c) The conditional robabilities for the stochastic variables are often estimated by retell experiments or observations. Why is it sometimes very difficult to get musical themel numbers for these? What conditional probabilites in the model of the plant do you intend are difficult or im come-at-able to estimate? a) What is the risk of melt-? down in the power plant during a solar day if no observations halt been made? What if there is icy weather? It is hard to fully attend all possible detailors that feces effect or trigger an number and how they interact with each other.Observations are always a description of the former(prenominal) and is not always accurate in forecasting the future. E. g. Icy weather is not a thing you skunk measure and span all over a wide range of weather conditions including combinations of precipitation, wind and temperature. d) Assume that the IcyWeather variable is changed to a more(prenominal) accurate Temperature variable instead (dont change your model). What are the different alternatives for the domain of this variable? What will run with the robability distribution of P(WaterLeak Temperature) in each alternative? The domain decreases in size of possible landed e tells as for pattern precipitation and wind is no longer a break out of the estimations. The temperature will be represented as an absolute number or breakups, instead of just original or false. Resulting in a masses more defining of the probabilities of the child thickenings with aspect to each value/interval of temperature. Q6 a) What does a probability table in a Bayesian profits represent?The probability table shows the probability for all states of the node wedded the states of the parent nodes. b) What is a go probability distribution? Using the range rule on the structure of the Bayesian network to rewrite the joint distribution as a product of P(childparent) expressions, calculate manually the special(prenominal) entry in the joint distribution of P(Meltdown=F, PumpFailureWarning=F, PumpFailure=F, WaterLeakWaring=F, WaterLeak=F, IcyWeather=F). Is this a common state for the nuclear plant to be in? Kedjeregeln ger foljanadeP(alla ar falska) = P(ICYWEATHER) * P(PUMPFAILURE) * P(PW PUMPFAILURE) * P(MELTDOWN PUMPFAILURE, WL) * P(WL ICYWEATHER) * P(WATERLEAKW WL) = 0,95 * 0,9 * 0,95 * 1 * 0,9 * 0,95 = 0,69 Ja, detta ar ett vanligt tillstand. c) What is the probability of a meltdown i f you know that there is both a water leak and a pump failure? Would knowing the state of any other variable matter? Explain your reasoning P(Meltdown PumpFailure, WaterLeak ) = 0,8. No other variables matter. When all the parents values are observed they al unity match the child value. ) Calculate manually the probability of a meltdown when you happen to know that PumpFailureWarning=F, WaterLeak=F, WaterLeakWarning=F and IcyWeather=F but you are not truly sure about a pump failure. P(Meltdown = T PUMPFAILURE osaker, resten falska )= P(ICYWEATHER) * P(WL ICYWEATHER) * P(WATERLEAKW WATERLEAK)* P(PUMPFAILURE=T) * P(PW PUMPFAILURE=T) * P(MELTDOWN=T PUMPFAILURE=T,WL) + P(PUMPFAILURE=F) * P(PW PUMPFAILURE=F) * P(MELTDOWN=T PUMPFAILURE=F,WL) = 0,95 * 0,9 * 0,95 * (0,1 * 0,1 * 0,16 + 0,9 * 0,95 * 0,01) = 0,008 (1)P(MELTDOWN=F PUMPFAILURE osaker, resten falska)=P(ICYWEATHER) * P(WL ICYWEATHER) * P(WATERLEAKW WL)* P(PUMPFAILURE=T) * P(PW PUMPFAILURE=T) * P(MELTDOWN=F PUMPFAILU RE=T,WL) + P(PUMPFAILURE=F) * P(PW PUMPFAILURE=F) * P(MELTDOWN=F PUMPFAILURE=F,WL) = 0,95 * 0,9 * 0,95 * (0,1 * 0,1 * 0,84 + 0,9 * 0,95 * 0,99) =0,694 (2) (1) och (2) = alfa = 1 / (0,008 + 0,69) = 1,42 0,008 * 1,42 = 0,012 0,694 * 1,42 = 0,988 Part 3 During the eat break, the possessor tries to show off for his employees by demonstrating the many features of his car stereo. To everyones disappointment, it doesnt work. How did the owners expectations of urviving the day change after this observation? Without knowing whether the radio is working or not, the probability of him surviving is 0,99001. If the radio is not working the probability is 0,98116. How does the cycles/second change the owners chances of survival? With the bicycle the probability of surviving is 0. 99505. Small increase. It is possible to model any function in propositional logic with Bayesian Networks. What does this fact say about the complexity of exact inference in Bayesian Networks? What alternatives are there to exact inference? Yes but it might be complex and you might sometimes have to add new nodes.For example if you want to model an OR-relationship you have to add a new node with truthtable probabilities that match. An alternative to exat inference is probabilistic indifference. Things might not always be trustworthy or false with a predefined probability. With probabilistic inference yuou can reuse a full joint distribution as the noesis base Part 4 Changes in graph Mr. H-S sleeping ( T = 0. 3, F = 0. 7) Mr HS reacts in a competent way WaterleakWarn. Pumpfailurewarning Mr HS sleeping T T T T F F F F T T F F T T F F T F T F T F T F T 0. 0 0. 8 0. 0 0. 7 0. 0 0. 7 0. 0 0. 0 P(Survives Meltdown, Mr HS reacts) incresing 9% (0. 9) The owner had an idea that instead of employing a safety somebody, to replace the pump with a collapse one. Is it possible, in your model, to compensate for the lack of Mr H. S. s expertise with a relegate pump? Yes, by increasing the probability of the pump not failing with 0. 05. The chance of survival increases to 0. 99713 Mr H. S. fell asleep on one of the plants couches. When he wakes up he hears someone scream There is one or more warning signals beeping in your control room . Mr H. S. realizes that he does not have time to fix the error before it is to late (we can assume that he wasnt in the control room at ll). What is the chance of survival for Mr H. S. if he has a car with the same properties as the owner? (notice that this question involves a disjunction which can not be answered by querying the network as is) ClarificationMaybe something could be added to or modify in the network. By adding a new node called warning, which represents the OR-relationship of WaterLeakWarning and PumpFailureWarning, i. e. Warning is unbowed if WaterLeakWarning is true or if PumpFailureWarning is true or if They are both true and is false if they are both false. P(survives) = 0. 98897 if Warning is observed true. What unrealistic as sumptions o you make when creating a Bayesian Network model of a person? That a persons actions are predictable and that he never gains more throw as time passes, which would effect the probabilities of his actions. Describe how you would model a more dynamic world where for example the IcyWeather is more likely to be true the next day if it was true the day before. You only have to estimate a limited sequence of days. By adding nodes representing the weather of the previous days. E. g. one node representing the day before, one bubble representing the day before that and so on Tommy Oldeback, tomol475 Emma Ljungberg, emmlj959

Data Warehouse: Understanding Rei

John Smith Dr. Daniels 2/14/13 Chapter 5 Video Case 1. Data warehouses store authoritative as well as historical entropy and are utilize for creating trending reports for senior management reporting such as annual and every quarter equivalences. REI is building a data warehouse because they want to better dispense their customers with their products. The data ware house allows REI to make the customers experience with their confederacy a much more fulfilling one ensuring their return. 2.Consumer cooperatives have some disadvantages in comparison to tralatitious firms. Consumer cooperatives require a high level of government activity. Because the consumers are circumstances to make many decisions there are more legal responsibilities for the union. The company must listen to the consumers and also provide rules that the consumer cooperative must come out as a whole. While it is great for the consumers to be so involved, traditional firms have less of a hassle and dont acqu ire to take so many extra steps when making decisions. . REIs data warehouse exit allow them to create more merchandise strategies, specifically on their online shopping Website. With the use of the data warehouse, REIs website will be able to recognize customers when they enter on to the Website. By doing this, REI outhouse tailor products or information to the customer each time they log on. 4. Some risks of creating a data warehouse would be organization.Without proper organization the company will not be able to achieve the strategic objectives set out by top management. This will make the company seem unprepared and ultimately give their customers an unpleasant experience. 5. REI chose to work with IBM data technology because IBM has very effective and organized systems that make managing the data warehouses simple and easy. This allows REI to make effective strategic objectives and marketing strategies for the company to follow and accomplish.

Third World

Nationssocl 105 midterm exam Short manage Question 1 What sustains to estimation when you here the term threesome human race? Most of the batch in the coupled States find it hard to come to term with the life style and struggles that be associated with this term. The term, 3rd origination was first gear gear introduced during the C overage War. During this time, the First realness referred to the coupled States and its allies, Second existence consisted of the Soviet Union and its allies and the Third creative activity was associated with the non-allied and neutral countries.After the second existence war, these countries, who were most(prenominal)ly new to independence, were left seeing to aim up with the unshakable growing ground preservation. The countries that couldnt keep up were in dyer subscribe of foreign involvement to economic aid them build up. Thus, the term Third World exploitation was introduced. These under create countries were categoriz ed by their low per-capita incomes, high illiteracy aims, particular culture of industry, agriculture based economies, short life expectancy, and were often shaky politically (class nones).Plans to help promote separatement in these Third World countries were first conceived at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944. Representatives of 44 countries met in Bretton Woods, N. H to talk about postwar financial arrangements. It was at this brush that the International Bank for Reconstruction and breeding (World Bank) and International M championtary computer memory were developed.The World Bank consisted of five divisions the International Bank for Reconstruction and maturation (IBRD its chief(prenominal) component), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance tum (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Center for village of Investment Disputes (ICSID) (answers. com/ number/worldbank). The dickens impor tant divisions associated with development were the IFC and IDA. The IFC did its part by lending money to private business in developing countries.With unobjectionable capital, the hope was that these businesses would be able to produce legals, which could then be purchased by the countries people and in-turn compel a stable parsimoniousness within the developing landed estate. The purpose of the IDA was to help out the banks poorest countries by providing use up free loans. As date stampn in the class film Life and Debt, Jamaica was able to go to the World Bank and ask for a loan when theyre field was hale to come up with money that wasnt available. This loan request was most likely handled by the IDA. just about other institution that was created was the International Mo earnary Fund. With more than clxxx countries as members, the purpose of the IMF was to help ensure the smooth international acquire and selling of currency. The IMF met this requirement by stabilizing c urrency-exchange rates and by providing advice and technological assistance to its barrowing countries. Member countries do their part by contributing direct funds and receive voting rights based on their involvement in international heap and national income.There ar many terms that be associated with countries that have not reached an industrial state. Developing nations, third world, and global atomic number 16 atomic number 18 some terms that can be used in describing these nations (class notes). Being a country that is labeled by one of these terms can be tough. If you were a developed nation would you want to spawn involved stintingally with a country with lifestyle associated with these terms. This is why its it so difficult for the underdeveloped countries to get involved with the world providence because of their disposition and the biased judgment that comes with it.Short resolving Question 2 unrivalled of the chief(prenominal) indexs of development in a coun try is its Gross Domestic harvest or gross domestic product. Gross Domestic Product is measures the amount of goods and services produced in a specific country or region. gross domestic product has become one of the main statistics used by scholars to measure a countries development, however, some place that GDP is an inaccurate bill and that it has created some problems as the main indicator for development. GDP includes goods and services that do not include a countries scotch wealth and, on the other hand, excludes things that do.According to paecon. net, GDP excludes three main categories. The first category that has been excluded by GDP is sufferhold production. Statistics say that most people spend more than 17% more time doing domestic depart than p fear work. That means that most of the people in these developing countries are in addition busy doing work about the house. That includes activities such as house cleaning, cooking, and caring for their children. Are we t o say that because these people spend more time caring for their families they are to be penalized for it with a decrease in GDP?Another problem associated with GDP is the amount of voluntary work that whitethorn occur in a country. What was once adopte by a paid professional and circulared for in GDP, could have now been done voluntarily. Therefore, societies with far-flung voluntary work whitethorn will have a glare GDP but have a good economic well-being. Another big defecate of income that is overlooked by GDP is the informal economy within these developing countries. Informal economy includes any direct exchange activities such as odd traffics, street trading, and most of all the ominous bell ringeret.This selling of goods and services often goes untaxed and unrecorded therefore is not included into a countries GDP. Overall GDP overlooks many forms of income, which can proceeds in a misinterpretation of a countries economic well-being. There are other aspects of develo pment that can as well as being affected by a countries GDP. It is believed that the people are the real economic drive to a nation, as a allow, the Human Development Index was created. The HDI is a conspiracy of unlike statistics to help judge the development of the people within a certain country.These statistics include life expectancy, education, and GDP. Therefore, the HDI of a country can be devalued if its GDP is incorrect. The HDI also helped introduce the Gender Development Index (GDI). The GDI is a measure of the achievement of men and women within a country and also takes into account the inequality. GDI has a direct relationship to HDI, therefore, if the achievement of men and women goes rase or one genders achievement becomes increasingly higher than the other, HDI will go d sustain. The next step in human development comes in the form of the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM).This statistic is now related to GDI in that it takes the capabilities achieved by the men and women and shows how they apply them to both(prenominal)day life. GEM focuses on if the genders become diligent economically and politically within their country. Because these forms of human development are intertwined, and GDP is included in HDI, a miscalculated GDP could result in a snowball effect causing all the numbers to be skewed. The measurement of Gross Domestic Product has a negative effect on most developing countries.GDP overlooks the presence of household production, voluntary work, and the informal economy within a country which causes GDP to often be underestimate and the worth of a country come out much less. Short Answer Question 4 Third World countries grew at a rate of 4. 7 percent during the sixties. The growth rate of the eastern Asian NICs was 7 to 10 percent. These impertinently industrialized countries of East Asian included due south Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. These countries managed to fulfill the final stages of the development project and raise their living standards politically, economically and socially.However, they also showed how development initiatives can be very selective and how other countries may not have the same success if the same path is followed. One of the first steps these countries took towards improving their economy was by receiving a well-preserved amount of foreign investment. A good amount of this capital was enjoin towards developing facilities to manufacture exports such as textiles, shoes, electronics, and other apparel. Foreign investors were worn to the cheap yet efficient labor that was available in the Asian NICs, which allowed businesses to keep coming.These countries offered a comparative advantage through their low-wage but comparatively skilled and educated workforce. As a kid it seemed as if every toy or electronic that was being used was branded with the mark MADE IN TAIWAN or MADE IN HONG KONG. end-to-end the 1960s and 70s, the East Asian NICs continued to grow in to the industrialized superpowers we see right away. Though the East Asian countries had great success following the development project, the result was not the same for other countries in the Third World. The manufacturing plane section in GDP was primitively low in countries such as Africa and Latin America.By 1972, the Oraganisation for economical Co-operation and Development established that one size did not fit all and that, the measures designed to help developing countries as a group have not been effective for the least developed countries (Development and cordial Change A Global Perspective). It was clear that different countries required a plan to deal specifically with their problems. It seemed to be too tough for the easterly European Countries to follow the same path as those countries that had involvement with a western power.The countries that had once been colonized had hands on experiences on how a country should be run. These previously colonized countries a lso received aid in the form of export processing zones or free trade zones as seen in the video Life and Debt. These zones where specifically designed to create jobs and give the people of the country the opportunity to earn an income by producing goods for the invest nation. Eastern European countries did not have that luxury. They, like other try Third World countries, focused on an agricultural based economy that proved to be not as successful.Every Third world country is deprivation to respond differently to the development initiatives. The path taken by the East Asian NICs may not be suitable for another(prenominal) underdeveloped country. The East Asian path worked for the NICs because they had a workforce that could project the labor needed to manufacture money making exports. Again, going backward to the movie Life and Debt, the Jamaican workers were replaced by Asians whom were able to get the job done and meet the quotas rate by the investing nation.I believe that e very Third World country is given the same opportunity to develop and it is up to them to use the resources provided by the world powers to make a change. However, some Third World countries have dug themselves too deep of a hole. In the case in Africa, a massive debt burden has accumulated in the attempt to develop and foreign aid could only bring down Africas domestic products at this time (class notes). It seems the more these stagnant countries try to fight toward development, the more they slip toward increasing debt and a permanence as a Third World county.Essay There are three main theories in development modernization possibility, dependance speculation and world systems possibility. The two theories that seem to clash judgementls the most are the modernization theory and dependency theory. At the end of WW II the world was divided into three main divisions Capitalism in the United States, Communism in the Soviet Union, and newly independent nations that became known a s the Third World. The United States began studies on these Third World countries, hoping to promote development through their eyes instead of communistic Soviet Union.Through these studies emerged a new bread of American political scientists who together developed the soil for a modernization theory of development. The dependency theory, however, was created from a Third World perspective. It was designed with the developing country in mind and not through an already developed countries eyes. both(prenominal) theories have different views on the right path to development. In search for a basis for its theory, the modernization theory became a hybrid of the functionalist theory and the evolutionary theory (So, Alvin.Chapter 2 The Modernization Perspective). Most members in the modernization school had previously studied the functionalist theory, therefore, it became the trademark of the modernization theory. The other aspect, evolutionary theory, supported the idea that Third Wo rld countries must evolve from a traditional to a modern society through technology and institutions. One of the main strengths of the modernization theory was that is was developed by the most powerful nations at that time, the United States.The United States had grown to become one of the most powerful countries in the world economically, socially, and politically. Although the gap between the rich and poor in the United States is tranquillize great, the poor are still better off today then they were back in the early 1900s. The weakness that ties along with that topic is that the United States assumed that the Third World countries had some form of constancy and are going through the same problems that the United States faced in their early development stage, which is not the case.The governments in third world countries are often corrupt and not necessarily looking out for the topper interest of the people. Therefore, what may have worked for the United States could not work i n the Third World countries who are faced with different and more extreme problems. Another strength that goes along with the modernization theory is that it has worked before with the East Asia NICs. Countries such as Hong Kong and South Korea grew throughout the 1960s and 70s by manufacturing and trade foreign goods.With the success that Eastern Asian had using the theory its hard not think that it could work in other Third World Countries. Another problem that could occur with foreign involvement, however, is that the Third World countries could become too dependent on developed countries to provide them with work. As long as underdeveloped countries are going to manufacture products at a cheap labor cost, developed countries are going to keep exploiting them for their own profit.The modernization theory has worked in the past, however, not all situations are the same and it can cause Third World countries to become too dependent on the core countries. The dependency theory is b ased around a completely different concept. The dependency theory was first developed in Latin America after the crash of the program U. N. Economic Commission for Latin America (So, Alvin. Chapter 5 The Dependency Perspective). In the 1960s Latin American faced a tough time of economic stagnation along with a crisis of orthodox Marxism. Revolutionists turned to the ideas of neo-Marxism as a to base their dependency theory.Unlike orthodox Marxism, neo-Marxism saw the development issues through a Third World countries perspective. This was one of the main strengths that went along with the dependency theory. It realized that each countries situation is going to be different and also takes into account the historical context of that country. Where modernization says to throw away tradition, dependency says to go with what has worked for your country in the past. Another strength is that it allows for countries to think of development on a more long-term scale.Instead of jumping from t he manufacturing of one exploited good to another, you can become more dependent on the goods and services that your own country can produce which can allow the Third World countries to develop and stabilize based on their own best interest and not just working to please the west. However, leaving an undeveloped country to develop by themselves, could have very negative consequences. Everything is worse in the third world. The governments are more corrupt, the poor are poorer, and there is a lack, if any, of infrastructure.It seems as if they are set up to fail if left on their own. A negative aspect that goes along with that idea is, what happens when western entice is removed? If Nike decides to open up a factory in Thailand, they dont just set up the factory and let it be run by the people of Thailand. The factory is managed by the west. Policies in the workplace are enforced by the west. A factory ran by a Third World country may notice a abundant decrease in efficiency, due to lack of experience and ultimately result in them not being able to compete in the world market.Dependency theory allows for the Third World country to develop themselves based on their conditions, however, some of these countries are so underdeveloped that self -stabilization may seem impossible. These two opposing theories have offered ideas to help more current development situations. The World Bank offers loans to the Third World countries who need the economic help. However, you still have to pay them back with interest. A country who supports dependency theory than has to use that money toward building on their own and finding a way to make that money back.A current example of modernization theory would be the current war in Iraq. The United States sent legions forces overseas to discard of the traditional lifestyle of the Iraqi people and help move them toward modernization. The ideas of dependency and modernization theory can be effective in dealing with current developm ent issues. There is an on going debate on the right path to development. You could choose to follow the policies set by the dependency theory. Peripheral countries break away from core countries to develop independency and allow for a socialist revolution to knock of the old peripheral elites.Or you could decide that the modernization theory is the best route to take and receive aid from the west and allow for an international division of labor. Both theories have their positives and negatives yet both are reaching for the same goal of Third World development.Reference Page www. answers. com/topic/world-bank www. answers. com/topic/internationalmonetaryfun www. hdr. undp. org/en McMichael, Philip. (2008). Development and Social Change A Global Perspective. United States of America. SAGE Publications. www. paecon. net www. questia. com

Analysis of a Doll’s House

Analysis of A Dolls mansion house by Henrick Ibsen Shira Simmons South University Online Kris Shelton March 12, 2013 A Dolls House has several high points that lead up to what Ive considered the most delineate moment. When Torvald finally reads the garner Krogstad (a fellow schoolmate and an employee at the bank) wrote revealing that it was not from Noras father that she borrowed money, but from him, what follows was totally unexpected by me. It seems that the website of her husband falling ill and the decisions she had to make in regards to that, forced her to grow.In the end, Nora makes a decision that she doesnt want to be married to her husband Torvald any(prenominal) longer, and she tells him so. The line, Weve been married for eight years. Doesnt it occur to you that this is the first succession the cardinal of us, you and I, husband and wife, have had a serious conversation? (Isben 1879 p. 590) says Nora, licks at where she is discharge with this conversation between the two of them. As you first read into the play, a perfect trophy wife scenario is portrayed. Its the typical male workings and the wife taking care of the kids and other affairs.The time this play was written, it was much common for the woman to stay household while the man worked. instantly it isnt rare to see the woman working and making more than the man. They are experiencing the normal money issues most married couples have and Torvald is expecting a higher salary after the New Year. As the other characters pay themselves, you start to pick up on some uneasiness from Nora whenever Krogstad visits their home and one instance from Mrs. Linde whenever she was present. One evening whilst Torvald was away, Krogstad visits and has a chat with Nora.He tells her that if she didnt convince Torvald to let him keep his job that he would blackmail Nora or so the money she borrowed from him and forging her fathers signature on the read for paying him back. Presenting that maybe t heir marriage isnt as perfect as it seems. Torvald had become ill and Nora being the caring, dedicated wife that she had taken it upon herself as her wifely duty to see to it that he got better. Nora had little to no association that forgery was a criminal offense she only thought she was doing what was trounce for her husband.So she told her husband that she borrowed money from her father. Mrs. Linde, an old friend of Noras visits as swell shes the only person Nora really has to confide in during the time this all-takes place. The plot reveals that she and Krogstad had a fling some years ago and flat that she was widowed, wanted to link back up with Krogstad once again. She convinces Krogstad that he must(prenominal) leave the letter for Torvald to read because Nora should no longer hold a secret betwixt her and her husband. I felt there was a surmise that Mrs.Linde didnt come to just meet back up with Krogstad, that she may have decided this in the mist of Nora and her situa tion, even though she states otherwise. peradventure she did so to help out Nora and Torvald by focusing Krogstads oversight elsewhere. Right after Torvald reads Krogstads letter, he immediately attacks Nora and belittles her. After aspect such degrading, hurtful things, Nora coldly looks at him and replies Yes, Im commencement exercise to understand e very(prenominal)thing now (Isben 1879 p. 590). This implies she has now realized exactly what she has been and how she has been treated by her father and him both.He raves on about what she has done to him and what he must do to fix it. Not once taking into account what Nora must be going through herself, or consequences she would have to endure? No, Id better read it again. Yes, its true Im relieve Nora, Im saved (Isben 1879 p. 590) exclaims Torvald after reading an apologetic letter from Krogstad and only after Nora saying something did he mention we were saved. During her farewell pardon, Nora sounds standardized a completel y different woman. She sounds strong, sure, independent and determined so very different from whom she was in the beginning.Although this situation basically ruined their marriage, it really caducous some light for Nora. She finally realizes that she has been robbed of so much, being both a prized possession of her father and Torvalds thats the beauty of it. Now she cannister set forth to learn and to be happy with herself. References Ibsen, H. (2011). A dames house. In D. L. Pike and A. M. Acosta (Eds. )LiteratureA world of indite stories, poems, plays, and essays. VitalSource digital version (pp. 555-589). Boston, MA Pearson Learning Solutions.

Boewulf and Gilgamesh Similarities Essay

Beowulf and Gilgamesh were similar in many shipway, even though they were write centurys apart from one another. These two stories (similar as they may be), also have their differences. The similarities, differences, character motivations, and use of symbolism make these bulky stories. A major similarity is that Beowulf and Gilgamesh want to be remembered as brilliant heroes forever. They both feel as though they have to do capital and daring things to achieve this. They were both in a position of proud honor and power.Beowulf became king of the land he had defended against Grendel and his mother. Gilgamesh was one third tender and two thirds god. Also, both heroes had won their battles in heroic and memorable ways. Beowulf rips Grendels arm off and had decapitated his mother, using a giant high-risk sword. Gilgamesh had chopped off Humbabas head with one mighty slash. there are also some major differences between these epic stories. For instance, Beowulf fought either his battles alone and unaided.Yet, Gilgamesh had a partner, one who acted as his voice of reason, by the diagnose of Enkidu. As Gilgamesh went on into battle, he went in wearing full mail and wielding weapons, exactly Beowulf chose to enter his first fight wearing nothing at all and wielding no weapon. Each character had their motivations to fight, in some ways they were similar motives. Beowulf fought for nothing but fame and glory. All he wanted was to be remembered for eternity and to accumulate as much wealth as he could. Save us/ once more, and again twisted gold/ Heaped up ancient treasure, will reward you for the battle you win (Beowulf 445-448).Gilgamesh also fought for fame and glory, but he had other motives too. One of his other motives was to fight to give apply to the youth, giving them something to strive for and model themselves after. The youth of Uruk need this fight. They have grownup soft and restless (Gilgamesh 30-32). He was also motivated by wanting(p) to pu sh the limitations that the gods have set for everyone.

Jacob Essay

The legend of Jacob takes place in multiplication 25-36 detailing the events of his career however, the background setting starts with Abraham and Sarah, in Genesis 12. Jacob was the son of Isaac and Rebekah, the grandson of Sarah and Abraham. Throughout the intelligence Jacob is known for his trickery however it is not until towards the end is the fulfillment of Abrahams promise. The name Jacob actually means trickster. But in the end Jacob makes a full turn He was a very manipulative flake and tricked his brother out of his birth right and final blessing.However he then is tricked by Laban. Many would call this karma. Jacobs character and actions by chance the blame of his parents. The bible shows that his parent were quite different the Abraham and Sarah. Abraham and Sarah for the majority of the story displays them as supportive, working together relationships however a lot is not told most the relationship of Isaac and Rebekah. Better yet, not more is mentioned about Is aac at all, this by chance lead to believe that he did not have a authoritative role in the story.Rebekah is displayed as the more aggressive one opus Isaac is considered more passive. Isaac did not go out and find his own wife, his stupefys servant went and found one for him all suggesting that Isaac was passive when it came to taking initiative. During this timeframe, Jacob may have been characterized as a momma boy. Genesis 2527 says that Jacob stayed in camp while his brother became a s landful hunter. This in turns causes Rebekah to estimation Jacob.The relationship between Rebekah and Jacob is similar to that of Joseph and his father. Jacob was much weaker than his brother Esau. The relationship of Jacob and Esau goes beyond traditional sibling jealously but, it is a story of deceit and robbery. This is evident at birth when Jacob is born belongings on to the heel of Esau. By order of birth Esau was entitled to the patrimony however, the promise of blessings was on the life of Jacob. Jacob and Esau had two different personalities. Esau was a comose man, while Jacob was hairless.Esau was favored by Isaac because he had a taste for stake (Genesis 25 28), meaning Jacob was something Isaac was not or could not have been. Esau had a more carefree personality he did not take much serious including his birth right. Many stories of the birthright would say that Jacob steal the birthright however, it seems as if Esau freely gave his birthright in exchange for food. Esau did not view the importance of his birthright, but Jacob did. Jacob realized the significance of being born first of all and the bible even says in verse 34 Esau despised his birthright.Jacob stole the blessing from Esau during his fathers death. Esau felt that his father favored him. He may have even felt that God favored Jacob, because Jacob got his birthright and now got the final blessing from his father. Esau eventually has enough and tried to kill him. Jacobs relationship with G od was impatient in the beginning. In the twenty-sixth chapter is when Abrahams promise begins to be fulfilled. One might question as to why Jacob solace received the promises of Abraham after all of the manipulating and deceiving he did. eve though Jacob proved himself to be unfaithful, by tricking Esau, lying to Abimelch, he still received the promises that were promised to Abraham. A famine hit the land and Jacob was still adequate to(p) to prosper, his crops produced one hundred fold, he was rich and even found favor with the Philistines. All these fulfill the promises of Abraham. One might say Jacobs function finally caught up with. Jacob fell in love with the daughter of Laban who in the end tricks him into marrying his eldest daughter. Laban got 7 years of work from him and then an supernumerary seven years.

James Dickey Essay

pack Dickey (1923 1997) is one of the spectacular modern American poets. His lit crit provides a scope of ideas on what munificence has gained doneout the twentieth century. His viewpoint is likely to amaze an observer by constant critical notes on what is universally called amenities of life. Thus, the figure of jam Dickey cannot be underestimated in terms of his poetical style and reproach of perpetually developing progressive life of the mankind during the twentieth century.His inclinations to benefit people understand the charms of primitivism and animalism were straightforwarfared. He could put his reason out over the entire life through the eyes of animals and temperament. Thus, the environmental puzzle of humanity and godliness worried him much. It is reflected in his poetry by fashioning emphasis on the significance of return to the nature in rear to think like a child of nature.Dickeys important motivation for claiming the importance of return to primitivism was not spontaneous. He had got through participation in World fight II and Korean War (Thesing and Wrede 151). In this respect the poet was highly depressed by losing his older brother. In fact, it turned into a cycle of poems on the of import themes of family, survival, spiritual rebirth, love, war and some other (Vaughan 115).With multiple poems included in the compilation The consentaneous Motion, Dickey described war as the source for cruelty and mar estimation of humanity at large (Thesing and Wrede 153). In this very army one embraces the evolution of Dickey as a poet. The author followed a specific for Modernism feature of the stream-of-consciousness technique. He introduced it in personal valuation of human civilization, as a self-destructing unity of people. Moreover, Dickey was trying to get to a set of interrelated topics interwoven in terms of their hit and approach toward the fancy of a natural man.Attacking the problem of civilization, James Dickey is likely to blame worlds progress on the example of his best-known poem The FirebombingThe enemy-colored skin of familiesDetermines to hold its colorIn sleep, as my hand turns whiterThan ever, clutches the toggle The ship shakes bucksFire hangs not yet fireIn the air above BeppuFor I am fulfillingAn anti-morale raid upon it (Kendall 511).Based on this single excerpt from the poem, Dickey brings the main problem of the mankind to notice. It is grounded on misunderstanding of where the edge between morality and violence takes place. The author perceives an enormous and ominous power of violence back up by humanity. He understands personal helplessness. Thus, he had no choice and to reflect his rumination in the form of a holistic criticism of the civilization and its consequences. Hence, Dickey is constantly critiquing civilization, and it feels like he never perennial the same theme colored by a banal estimation. It is similarly included into The Sheep Child. His poetic language was easy to comprehend. Thus, the readers and followers can easy take Dickey as he is.As a discipline of fact, born in Atlanta, Georgia, Dickey was loosely related to the concept of nature as he lived, studied, and worked for some period of time in the southern of the USA (OBriant 158). His southern origin and what he once experienced in person gave him motivation for teaching the audience being glowering toward what the civilize life had fallen into (James Dickey 1). In this respect the primitivism and the concept of the natural man are the paramount alternatives represented in his poetry.

Respect

In my own words, reputeing an separate(prenominal) battalion thinks to be squeamish to other people notwithstanding if you dont know them and help them out when they need help. It also means audition to what other people have to say and not speaking over them. Respecting other peoples properties is not touching, breaking or vandalizing other peoples belongings. Dont touch or take stuff that isnt yours. 2. Respecting myself means always staying haughty and having a positive attitude no matter the situation. It means to always hope for the best. Respecting you resell also includes making a good image for yourself and aging people think about you in a good way. . I respect a man named Cole because he has showed me that assist others and being material body to others is the even up way t live life. Helping others is always a good thing to do and by helping others your also helping yourself. 4. It is unacceptable to destroy or take something that doesnt belong to you. The ite m could mean a lot to the person even if it doesnt they paid for it and you dont have the right to take or damage it. 5. If someone broke something of mine id more or less handlely be really upset and hope that the person who did it could set back it.No one has the eight to make someone feel like that because everyone deserves to be happy and for man kind to continue to exist everyone has to be nice to each other and try our best to help each other out. At first I would not respect the person who did it save everyone deserves a mo chance. It would take beat solely eventually I would start to respect that person again if they showed they deserve to be respected. 6. No not that I can remember. The only time vive mat like a victim is when I was young and got hit in sports but hitting is aloud so cant recall a time where felt like a victim. 7.If I were ever charged again, I gaga not be offered the diversion program because I already had my second chance. I would have to face the consequences of my crime that shoot downted and deal with the repercussions it had on my life. That could include not being aloud to leave the country. It could include having a criminal record for the rest of my life and it would be pretty labored to find a job with a criminal record. It would also be very hard to regain my families trust because after the first time I was arrested it was very hard to earn it back. So if I commit another crime it could mean my parents not trusting me ever again.

Exploring Adolescent Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances

Exploring childish Use of anabolic Steroids Since the introduction of anabolic sex hormone hormone hormones, the chief(prenominal) objective of utilize them has been widely ab characterd. The go for of these substances has steadily additiond passim the twelvemonths. As popularity of anabolic steroids escalated, so has its demand. With the inception of anabolic steroids in the realness of professional sports, the acceptance of doping amongst athletes was positive. During the 1970s, there were no repercussions for victorious anabolic steroids, and so athletes, especi whollyy bumball coarse-grained participants and weight-lifters, were trying to fit that somatic proceeds everywhere their competitors.Many professional baseball and football players of this close new-fashioned genesis commence implement upd anabolic steroids. In football there was the consider sufficient Lawrence Taylor, news report Roma at one generationki, and Shawne Merriman. In baseball, a steroid s bottomdal involved the prominent Barry Bonds, and more baseball prodigies who juiced up much(prenominal) as Mark McGwire, Jose Canseco, Alex Rodriguez, Roger Clemens, and Manny Ramirez. non solely charter baseball and football players use anabolic steroids, plainly opposite(a) types of athletes, such as power-lifters, as tumesce. In track and field, Tim capital of Alabama was cited for doping.In recent forms, female track and field athletes such as Marion Jones were impoverished for exploitation anabolic steroids. With the accessibility of anabolic steroids increasing at an frighten rate, a soul has to wonder what kind of effect anabolic steroids could m some other on jejunes? If doping really is becoming accepted amongst professional athletes, what kind of set perk up out it have on the youthfuls? This research analysis essay forget be exploring the physical and mental risks and consequences for striplings development anabolic steroids as well as their motivation for doping.Steroids were originally developed to administer to hypogonadism in the thirties (Volkow 1). with experimenting, scientists disc everywhereed that the use of anabolic steroids could riposte muscle harvesting. This denudation sign on to the abuse of anabolic steroids in the sporting world. Technological experimentation and advances over time enabled researchers to identify some types of anabolic steroids. In researching the do of anabolic steroids, scientists besides detected many side effects from development anabolic steroids, although much is still un acknowledgen regarding their foresightful-term side ffects (Kusserow 9). in that respect atomic number 18 two modal values of victorious anabolic steroids, one way is to take them orally or by injection. In taking anabolic steroids with these two methods, an youthful go off severely harm the endocrine transcription, musculoskeletal frame, circulatory system, the hepatic system, and the skin (Volkow 5). A major health blur of taking anabolic steroids is that it affects the endocrine system. The endocrine system is a gland system that is responsible for the discharge of ductless glands that assist in regulating engenderd visible processes, such as metabolism, growth, and development. whiz of the important figures that the endocrine system controls is the style of a somebody. The gentlemans gentleman body already secretes original hormones into the body to give tangible processes functioning the way they were sibylline to. By taking anabolic steroids, an youthful is disrupting the natural production of hormones (Volkow 4). The endocrine system simply secretes a certain amount of hormones a day to prevent imbalance. If the endocrine system secretes as well as many hormones into the human body, there will be a hormonal imbalance which could lead to affection or abnormal development.Taking anabolic steroids enkindle cause reversible repositions, wh ich overwhelm sperm count deduction, antisepsis of sperm, and clod shrinkage (Volkow 4). In males, irreversible alternates whitethorn authorise by taking anabolic steroids such as feminization and male-pattern baldness (Volkow 4). Although anabolic steroids whitethorn physically enhance a persons appearance, the damage caused by anabolic steroids is something many immatures are overlooking. The human body usually releases testosterone and opposite hormones that causes growth, and stops the release of hormones as well.However, taking anabolic steroids as an adolescent directs in the synthetic release of hormones. This leads to a surplus of wind hormone levels that shtup prematurely signal the bones to stop growing (Volkow 4). Anabolic steroid use whitethorn cause more usual muscularity injuries cod to skeletal muscle adaptations taking move into rather quick in comparison to connective tissue (Hoffman 186). Also, anabolic steroid use causes severe acne based on res earch make by the journal of Sports Science and Medicine (Hoffman 184). Not only can steroids stunt your growth as an adolescent, it can cause severe damage to the circulatory and hepatic systems.The circulatory system is responsible for the circulation of cable throughout the body. different responsibilities include the removal of bodily wastes and the transference of nutrients to the cells. By taking anabolic steroids, an adolescent is increasing the risk of sustaining a tenderness attack, stroke, and cardiovascular disease (Volkow 4 Hoffman 184-185). According to Kusserow, physicians conducting a mull/research involving former steroid drug drug users detect links, without consensus on degree, to cardiovascular disease and anabolic steroids (Kusserow 12).The clotting of telephone line in the downslope vessels keeps blood from liquifying to the heart, which may cause heart damage. An adolescent can bugger off a stroke from having a blood descend disruption to the brai n. Anabolic steroids elevate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which is the master(prenominal) factor in having a disruption to the bodys blood flow (Hoffman 185). The hepatic system is the colored. The colorfuls main province is detoxifying the human body. At this point in time, living without a colorful is impossible.So, if the liver were to have a blood flow disruption, the liver would fail, resulting in capableness death. Using anabolic steroids may increase risk of liver tumors and liver damage (Hoffman 184). Internal bleeding may occur from the time out of a liver tumor (Volkow 5). Two of the close alarming consequences of taking anabolic steroids are the change in style/ wit and how it affects a persons mental status. Anabolic steroid use causes violent, militant behavior and irritability approximately 60% of anabolic steroid users experience this change in behavior (Hoffman 187).Tony Mandarich, once pro choose ed to be the superlative nervous lineman prospect ever, said that his steroid use caused his belligerence to rocket on and off the field. The Incredible Bulk punched an Ohio State player for no reason before the football game even started and t senile him he was press release to die straightaway (Kozak). Anabolic steroid use also touched his thinking. Mandarichs past times steroid use caused him to say things that he would neer say were he not on steroids. Some of the hinder I said, when I look back now, is just embarrassing, says Tony Mandarich (Kozak).Although elevated belligerency may be beneficial for athletes, that is not the case with your ordinary citizen. With these behavioral changes, an anabolic steroid user is much more exchangeablely to make do with other people. This is especially dangerous due to the fact that the steroid user is most likely queen-sizeger in size and strength than their opponent. A person may experience a psychotic episode where the steroi d user will be in a blind rage, therefore disqualifying their ability to control their emotions. In this event, an adolescent on anabolic steroids could rail at many of his peers at school, possibly even kill them.According to the study show on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a recent study suggests that the mood and behavioral effects nattern during anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse may result from junior-grade hormonal changes (Volkow 4). This is especially true with Heidi Krieger. In females, masculinity may occur both physically and mentally with long-term use of anabolic steroids (Volkow 4). With Heidi Krieger, now known as Andreas Krieger, her long-term anabolic steroid use caused her to go away masculine. Not only was she physically changing, the anabolic steroids caused her to believe that she was a man.In an hearing with former European womens shot put champion, she was asked most her past anabolic steroid use and how it caused her to physically and mentally change genders. Sh e said, I felt much more attracted to women and just felt like a man. But I knew I was not lesbian (Cnn. com). ace of the many questions researchers ask is why? Many wonder what are the motivational factors in a persons choice to use anabolic steroids. One of the main factors to this question would be appearance (Kusserow 6). Throughout magazines are pictures displaying a person with rock-hard abs and bulging biceps.On television, an adolescent may see a notesmaking(prenominal) of a man who is extremely big and strong. 57% of adolescents act in a survey pointed to magazines and 7% pointed to entertainment as sources of mould (Kusserow 8). Nowadays, friendships perception of the prototypical male is being big and strong. collect to pop culture, male adolescents have this newfound belief that they essential(prenominal) ameliorate their appearance to match the appearance of the prototypical male (Kusserow 6). Also, in todays society peer approval is a must amongst most high s chool adolescents.Teenagers see their friends getting jacked by victimisation anabolic steroids so they try and imitate those actions since it looks easy. With the correct training regimen, adolescents may reach out their goals in getting big with great success. According to Richard P. Kusserow, 89% of anabolic steroid users reported that they were satisfied with the results they were hoping for when they prototypic started using anabolic steroids (Kusserow 7). callable to the successful use of anabolic steroids, 97% of users agree that the physical effects encouraged them to continue using steroids (Kusserow 7).For example, Tony Mandarich was influenced by his brother to use anabolic steroids so that he could increase size, strength, and athletic performance. His anabolic steroid use allowed him to be able to bench press 225 pounds an incredible 39 times while being able to maintain a 4. 69 40-yard dash. That is a godly feat for a man that is 6 foot 6 and 315 pounds. When aske d about his past anabolic steroid use, Mandarich said,Youre not hypothetic to be as strong as I am. Youre not supposed(a) to be as fast as I am. Youre not supposed to be as good as I am (Kozak).Apparently, without anabolic steroid use, Tony Mandarich would never have become the college football player that he was. some other motive adolescents have for using anabolic steroids is the pursuit for the receipts of athletic performance (Adolescent Steroid Abuse). Through the use of anabolic steroids, an adolescent can increase muscle mass, strength, and training capacity (Kusserow 7). According to Kusserow, many adolescents first use anabolic steroids at the age of 16 and that 85% of the users started by age 17 (Kusserow 5).Much of this thought process has to do with noted economic consumption model athletes. Users believe that many high-level athletes have used steroids, and 42 percent say this influenced them to start using (Kusserow 8). An adolescent first team football player tr ying to obtain a football cognition from a prestigious NCAA Division I football powerhouse may see an NFL football player that they admire, and look up to, using anabolic steroids. The adolescent could potentially try and imitate the NFL players actions due to this belief.With football scholarships from prestigious Division I football colleges being particular(a) and opposition amongst football players across the joined States being extensive, adolescents will do all that they can to achieve their goal. Additionally, adolescents may view the benefits in using anabolic steroids as more positive than negative. If using anabolic steroids can second these adolescents get to a great school such as the University of grey California or the University of Texas, the side effects of using anabolic steroids could be something they are willing to risk.Another motive that could cause an adolescent in using anabolic steroids in improving athletic performance is the oblige they receive from adults, including their own parents (Kusserow 8). 55% of adolescent anabolic steroid users claim that their parents know about their use of anabolic steroids and that the parents do not business concern (Kusserow 7). batch may give a certain amount of slacken to football players because theres this unspoken sense that in order to play the game well, you motivating an edge, says Todd Boyd (Klosterman).If an adolescent can play well enough in sports to generate interest from college scouts, there is a good chance that the adolescent can get an athletic scholarship to help support their parents financially. Nowadays, college schooling is skyrocketing. It cost approximately $22,000 annually to attend the University of modern Hampshire for an in-state student, and roughly $12,000 otiose if you are out of state. With the recent economic downturn, many families do not have many financial options. Financial aid can only get you so far and the ability to take out a give has become i ncreasingly hard in this economy.Assuming an 18 year old adolescent is out of state and going to be attendance the University of New Hampshire for four years, the adolescent would be saving $136,000 if he were able to get a full-boat scholarship. This is not even taking into account the annual increase in tuition that occurs after every school year and money for miscellaneous things. Although an adolescents parents may not be notification them directly to use anabolic steroids, the parents could be indirectly load-bearing(a) them to juice up by placing tons of pressure on their kids.Adults, whether it is the parents or the coaches, place immense pressure on their kids to compete and win, while imparting motley messages of what are acceptable ways to achieve that goal (Kusserow 7). Adolescents may visualize those messages as, Its okay to use steroids as long as you watch and do not get caught or, Do what must be done to achieve your goal. If this is the universal belief amongst adolescents across the United States, how long will it be before adolescents begin to interpret other topics, such as violence or drug dealing, in the very(prenominal) manner. whole caboodle Cited Adolescent Steroid Abuse. Adolescent Steroid Abuse. Case occidental set aside University. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Hoffman, Jay R. , and Nicholas A. Ratamess. Medical Issues Associated with Anabolic Steroid Use are They overstated? Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 01 June 2006. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. Klosterman, Chuck. Why We Look the another(prenominal) Way. ESPN. com. ESPN profit Ventures, 21 Mar. 2007. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Kozak, Kory. Steroids Fueled Spectacular Rise and Fall. ESPN. com. ESPN meshwork Ventures, 17 Apr. 2009. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Pleitgen, Frederik. Athlete Says Sports Steroids Changed Him from Woman to man. CNN. com. Cable News Network, 11 Aug. 2008. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . United States of America. U. S. section of wellness and Human Services. Office of qu izzer General. Adolescent Steroid Use. Richard P. Kusserow. Department of Health and Human Services, 1991. Print. United States of America. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. field imbed of Health. Anabolic Steroid Abuse. Nora D. Volkow. National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2001. National Institute of Drug Abuse investigate underwrite Series.Exploring Adolescent Use of Performance-Enhancing SubstancesExploring Adolescent Use of Anabolic Steroids Since the introduction of anabolic steroids, the main objective of using them has been widely abused. The use of these substances has steadily change magnitude throughout the years. As popularity of anabolic steroids escalated, so has its demand. With the inception of anabolic steroids in the world of professional sports, the acceptance of doping amongst athletes was positive. During the 1970s, there were no repercussions for taking anabolic steroids, and so athletes, especially football players and weight-lifters, were trying to get that physical advantage over their competitors.Many professional baseball and football players of this most recent generation have used anabolic steroids. In football there was the great Lawrence Taylor, Bill Romanowski, and Shawne Merriman. In baseball, a steroid scandal involved the great Barry Bonds, and numerous baseball prodigies who juiced up such as Mark McGwire, Jose Canseco, Alex Rodriguez, Roger Clemens, and Manny Ramirez. Not only have baseball and football players used anabolic steroids, but other types of athletes, such as power-lifters, as well. In track and field, Tim Montgomery was cited for doping.In recent years, female track and field athletes such as Marion Jones were busted for using anabolic steroids. With the accessibility of anabolic steroids increasing at an alarming rate, a person has to wonder what kind of effect anabolic steroids could have on adolescents? If doping really is becoming accepted amongst professional athletes, what kind of influence w ill it have on the adolescents? This research analysis essay will be exploring the physical and mental risks and consequences for adolescents using anabolic steroids as well as their motivation for doping.Steroids were originally developed to administer to hypogonadism in the 1930s (Volkow 1). Through experimenting, scientists discovered that the use of anabolic steroids could generate muscle growth. This discovery led to the abuse of anabolic steroids in the sporting world. Technological experimentation and advances over time enabled researchers to identify many types of anabolic steroids. In researching the effects of anabolic steroids, scientists also detected many side effects from using anabolic steroids, although much is still unknown regarding their long-term side ffects (Kusserow 9). There are two ways of taking anabolic steroids, one way is to take them orally or by injection. In taking anabolic steroids with these two methods, an adolescent can severely damage the endocrin e system, musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, the hepatic system, and the skin (Volkow 5). A major health defect of taking anabolic steroids is that it affects the endocrine system. The endocrine system is a gland system that is responsible for the discharge of hormones that assist in regulating certain bodily processes, such as metabolism, growth, and development.One of the important factors that the endocrine system controls is the mood of a person. The human body already secretes certain hormones into the body to keep bodily processes functioning the way they were supposed to. By taking anabolic steroids, an adolescent is disrupting the natural production of hormones (Volkow 4). The endocrine system only secretes a certain amount of hormones a day to prevent imbalance. If the endocrine system secretes too many hormones into the human body, there will be a hormonal imbalance which could lead to disease or abnormal development.Taking anabolic steroids can cause reversible c hanges, which include sperm count deduction, infertility of sperm, and testicle shrinkage (Volkow 4). In males, irreversible changes may occur by taking anabolic steroids such as feminization and male-pattern baldness (Volkow 4). Although anabolic steroids may physically enhance a persons appearance, the damage caused by anabolic steroids is something many adolescents are overlooking. The human body normally releases testosterone and other hormones that causes growth, and stops the release of hormones as well.However, taking anabolic steroids as an adolescent results in the synthetic release of hormones. This leads to a surplus of sex hormone levels that can prematurely signal the bones to stop growing (Volkow 4). Anabolic steroid use may cause more frequent tendon injuries due to skeletal muscle adaptations taking place rather rapidly in comparison to connective tissue (Hoffman 186). Also, anabolic steroid use causes severe acne based on research done by the Journal of Sports Scien ce and Medicine (Hoffman 184). Not only can steroids stunt your growth as an adolescent, it can cause severe damage to the circulatory and hepatic systems.The circulatory system is responsible for the circulation of blood throughout the body. Other responsibilities include the removal of bodily wastes and the transference of nutrients to the cells. By taking anabolic steroids, an adolescent is increasing the risk of sustaining a heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular disease (Volkow 4 Hoffman 184-185). According to Kusserow, physicians conducting a study/research involving former steroid users noticed links, without consensus on degree, to cardiovascular disease and anabolic steroids (Kusserow 12).The clotting of blood in the blood vessels keeps blood from flowing to the heart, which may cause heart damage. An adolescent can experience a stroke from having a blood flow disruption to the brain. Anabolic steroids elevate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which is the main factor in having a disruption to the bodys blood flow (Hoffman 185). The hepatic system is the liver. The livers main responsibility is detoxifying the human body. At this point in time, living without a liver is impossible.So, if the liver were to have a blood flow disruption, the liver would fail, resulting in potential death. Using anabolic steroids may increase risk of liver tumors and liver damage (Hoffman 184). Internal bleeding may occur from the rupture of a liver tumor (Volkow 5). Two of the most alarming consequences of taking anabolic steroids are the change in behavior/mood and how it affects a persons mental status. Anabolic steroid use causes violent, aggressive behavior and irritability approximately 60% of anabolic steroid users experience this change in behavior (Hoffman 187).Tony Mandarich, once proclaimed to be the greatest offensive lineman prospect ever, said that his steroid use caused his aggression to skyrocket on and off the field. The Incredible Bulk punched an Ohio State player for no reason before the football game even started and told him he was going to die today (Kozak). Anabolic steroid use also affected his thinking. Mandarichs past steroid use caused him to say things that he would never say were he not on steroids. Some of the stuff I said, when I look back now, is just embarrassing, says Tony Mandarich (Kozak).Although elevated aggressiveness may be beneficial for athletes, that is not the case with your ordinary citizen. With these behavioral changes, an anabolic steroid user is much more likely to fight with other people. This is especially dangerous due to the fact that the steroid user is most likely bigger in size and strength than their opponent. A person may experience a psychotic episode where the steroid user will be in a blind rage, thus disabling their ability to control their emotions. In this event, an adolescent on anabolic steroids could injure many of his peers at school, possibly even kill them.According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a recent study suggests that the mood and behavioral effects seen during anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse may result from secondary hormonal changes (Volkow 4). This is especially true with Heidi Krieger. In females, masculinity may occur both physically and mentally with long-term use of anabolic steroids (Volkow 4). With Heidi Krieger, now known as Andreas Krieger, her long-term anabolic steroid use caused her to become masculine. Not only was she physically changing, the anabolic steroids caused her to believe that she was a man.In an interview with former European womens shot put champion, she was asked about her past anabolic steroid use and how it caused her to physically and mentally change genders. She said, I felt much more attracted to women and just felt like a man. But I knew I was not lesbian (Cnn. com). One of the many questions researchers ask is why? Many wonder what are the m otivational factors in a persons choice to use anabolic steroids. One of the main factors to this question would be appearance (Kusserow 6). Throughout magazines are pictures displaying a person with rock-hard abs and bulging biceps.On television, an adolescent may see a commercial of a man who is extremely big and strong. 57% of adolescents participating in a survey pointed to magazines and 7% pointed to entertainment as sources of influence (Kusserow 8). Nowadays, societys perception of the prototypical male is being big and strong. Due to pop culture, male adolescents have this newfound belief that they must improve their appearance to match the appearance of the prototypical male (Kusserow 6). Also, in todays society peer approval is a must amongst most high school adolescents.Teenagers see their friends getting jacked by using anabolic steroids so they try and imitate those actions since it looks easy. With the correct training regimen, adolescents may accomplish their goals in getting big with great success. According to Richard P. Kusserow, 89% of anabolic steroid users reported that they were satisfied with the results they were hoping for when they first started using anabolic steroids (Kusserow 7). Due to the successful use of anabolic steroids, 97% of users agree that the physical effects encouraged them to continue using steroids (Kusserow 7).For example, Tony Mandarich was influenced by his brother to use anabolic steroids so that he could increase size, strength, and athletic performance. His anabolic steroid use allowed him to be able to bench press 225 pounds an incredible 39 times while being able to maintain a 4. 69 40-yard dash. That is a godly feat for a man that is 6 foot 6 and 315 pounds. When asked about his past anabolic steroid use, Mandarich said,Youre not supposed to be as strong as I am. Youre not supposed to be as fast as I am. Youre not supposed to be as good as I am (Kozak).Apparently, without anabolic steroid use, Tony Mandarich would never have become the college football player that he was. Another motive adolescents have for using anabolic steroids is the pursuit for the improvement of athletic performance (Adolescent Steroid Abuse). Through the use of anabolic steroids, an adolescent can increase muscle mass, strength, and training capacity (Kusserow 7). According to Kusserow, many adolescents first use anabolic steroids at the age of 16 and that 85% of the users started by age 17 (Kusserow 5).Much of this thought process has to do with famous role model athletes. Users believe that many high-level athletes have used steroids, and 42 percent say this influenced them to start using (Kusserow 8). An adolescent varsity football player trying to obtain a football scholarship from a prestigious NCAA Division I football powerhouse may see an NFL football player that they admire, and look up to, using anabolic steroids. The adolescent could potentially try and imitate the NFL players actions due to this belie f.With football scholarships from prestigious Division I football colleges being limited and competition amongst football players across the United States being extensive, adolescents will do all that they can to achieve their goal. Additionally, adolescents may view the benefits in using anabolic steroids as more positive than negative. If using anabolic steroids can help these adolescents get to a great school such as the University of Southern California or the University of Texas, the side effects of using anabolic steroids could be something they are willing to risk.Another motive that could cause an adolescent in using anabolic steroids in improving athletic performance is the pressure they receive from adults, including their own parents (Kusserow 8). 55% of adolescent anabolic steroid users claim that their parents know about their use of anabolic steroids and that the parents do not care (Kusserow 7). People may give a certain amount of slack to football players because the res this unspoken sense that in order to play the game well, you need an edge, says Todd Boyd (Klosterman).If an adolescent can play well enough in sports to generate interest from college scouts, there is a good chance that the adolescent can get an athletic scholarship to help support their parents financially. Nowadays, college tuition is skyrocketing. It costs approximately $22,000 annually to attend the University of New Hampshire for an in-state student, and roughly $12,000 extra if you are out of state. With the recent economic downturn, many families do not have many financial options. Financial aid can only get you so far and the ability to take out a loan has become increasingly hard in this economy.Assuming an 18 year old adolescent is out of state and going to be attending the University of New Hampshire for four years, the adolescent would be saving $136,000 if he were able to get a full-boat scholarship. This is not even taking into account the annual increase in tuiti on that occurs after every school year and money for miscellaneous things. Although an adolescents parents may not be telling them directly to use anabolic steroids, the parents could be indirectly encouraging them to juice up by placing tons of pressure on their kids.Adults, whether it is the parents or the coaches, place immense pressure on their kids to compete and win, while conveying mixed messages of what are acceptable ways to achieve that goal (Kusserow 7). Adolescents may interpret those messages as, Its okay to use steroids as long as you succeed and do not get caught or, Do what must be done to achieve your goal. If this is the universal belief amongst adolescents across the United States, how long will it be before adolescents begin to interpret other topics, such as violence or drug dealing, in the same manner. Works Cited Adolescent Steroid Abuse. Adolescent Steroid Abuse. Case Western Reserve University. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Hoffman, Jay R. , and Nicholas A. Ratamess . Medical Issues Associated with Anabolic Steroid Use Are They Exaggerated? Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 01 June 2006. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. Klosterman, Chuck. Why We Look the Other Way. ESPN. com. ESPN Internet Ventures, 21 Mar. 2007. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Kozak, Kory. Steroids Fueled Spectacular Rise and Fall. ESPN. com. ESPN Internet Ventures, 17 Apr. 2009. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . Pleitgen, Frederik. Athlete Says Sports Steroids Changed Him from Woman to man. CNN. com. Cable News Network, 11 Aug. 2008. Web. 17 Oct. 2009. . United States of America. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Inspector General. Adolescent Steroid Use. Richard P. Kusserow. Department of Health and Human Services, 1991. Print. United States of America. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institute of Health. Anabolic Steroid Abuse. Nora D. Volkow. National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2001. National Institute of Drug Abuse Research Report Series.